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Chapt 9, 5, 6, 7
vocab for exam 2
85
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
10/31/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

9.1

Statistics

Definition
The branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data
Term

9.2

Descriptive Statistics

Definition
Procedures to summarize the set of data
Term

9.3

Inferential statistics

Definition
Procedures used to analyze data after an experiment is completed in order to determine whether the independent variable has a significant effect.
Term

9.4

Measurement

Definition
The assignment of symbols to events according to a set of rules
Term

9.6

scale of measurement

Definition
A set of measurement rules
Term

9.7

ordinal scale

Definition
A scale of measurement permits events to be rank ordered.
Term

9.8

Interval scale

Definition
A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the assumption of equal intervals between adjacent events
Term

9.9

Ratio scale

Definition
A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the assumptions of equal intervals between adjacent events and a true zero point
Term

9.10

Mode

 

Definition
The score in a distribution that occurs most often
Term

9.11

Median

Definition
The number that divides a distribution in half
Term

9.12

Mean

Definition
The arithmetic average of a set of numbers; found by adding all the scores in a set then dividing by the number of scores.
Term

9.13

Pie Chart

Definition
Graphical representation of the percentage allocated to each alternative as a slice of a circular pie
Term

9.14

Histogram

Definition
A graph in which the frequency for each category of a quantitative variable is represented as a vertical column that touches the adjacent column
Term

9.15

Bar Graph

Definition
A graph in which the frequency for each category of a qualitative variable is represented as a vertical column. The columns of a bar graph do not touch. (pg 177)
Term

9.16

Frequency Polygon

 

Definition
A graph that is constructed by placing a dot in the center of each bar of a histogram and then connecting the dots. (Pg 178)
Term

9.17

Line Graph

Definition
A graph that is frequently used to depict the results of an experiment.
Term

9.18

Ordinate

Definition
The vertical or y axis of a graph
Term

9.19

Abscissa

Definition
The horizontal or x axis of a graph
Term

9.20

Variabilit

Definition
The extent to which scores spread out around the mean.
Term

9.20

Range

Definition
A measure of variability that is computed by subtracting the smallest score from the largest score.
Term

9.22

Variance

Definition
A single number that represents the total amount of variation in a distribution; also the square of the standard deviation. (σ2) (pg 182)
Term

9.23

Standard Diviation

Definition
Square root of the variance; has important relations to the normal curve.
Term

9.24

Normal Distribution

Definition
A symmetrical, bell shaped distribution having half the scores above the mean and half the scores below the mean.
Term

9.25

Correlation Coefficient

 

Definition
A single number representing the degree of relation between 2 variables.
Term

9.26

Null Hypothesis

Definition
A hypothesis that says that all differences between groups are due to chance (i.e., not the operation of the IV) (pg 192)
Term

9.27

t-test

Definition
An inferential statistical test used to evaluate the difference between the two means. (pg 194)
Term

9.28

Degrees of Freedom

Definition
The ability of a number in a specified set to assume any value. (pg 195)
Term

9.29

 Type I Error

Definition
Accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true (pg 199)
Term
9.30
Type II Error
Definition
Accepting the null hypothesis when the experimental hypothesis is true. (pg 199)
Term
9.31
Effect size
Definition
The magnitude or size of the experimental treatment. (pg 200)
Term
5.1
Empirical
Definition
Objectively quantifiable observations.(pg 86)
Term
5.2
Replication
Definition
An additional scientific study that is conducted in exactly the same manner as the original research project (pg 87)
Term
5.3
Control
Definition
To directly manipulate (1) a factor of interest in a research study to determine it's effects or (2) other, unwanted variables that could influence the results of a research project (pg 87)
Term
5.4
Experiment
Definition
An Attempt to determine the cause-and-effect relations that exist in nature. Involves the manipulation of an independent variable (IV) recording of changes in a dependent variable (DV) and control of extraneous variables. (pg 88)
Term
5.5
Independent Variable (IV)
Definition
A stimulus or aspect of the environment that the experimenter directly manipulates to determine its influences on behavior (pg 88)
Term
5.6
Dependent Variable (DV)
Definition
A response or behavior that the experimenter measures. Changes in the DV should be caused by manipulation of the independent variable (IV) (pg 89)
Term
5.7
Extraneous Variables
Definition
Undesired variables that may operate to influence the dependent variable (DV) and thus invalidate experiment. (pg 89)
Term
5.8
Research or Experimental Hypothesis
Definition
Term
5.9
Synthetic Statement
Definition
Term
5.10
Analytic Statement
Definition
Term
5.11
Contradictory Statement
Definition
Term
5.12
General Implication form
Definition
Term
5.13
Principle of Falsifiability
Definition
Term
5.14
Inductive Logic
Definition
Term
5.15
Deductive Logic
Definition
Term
5.16
Directional Research hypothesis
Definition
Term
5.17Nondirectional Research hypothesis
Definition
Term
6.1
Variable
Definition
Term
6.2
Operational Definition
Definition
Term
6.3
Physiological IV
Definition
Term
6.4
Experience IV
Definition
Term
6.5
Stimulus or Environmental IV
Definition
Term
6.6
Participant Characteristic
Definition
Term
6.7
Reliable
Definition
Term
6.8
Valid
Definition
Term
6.9
Reliable
Definition
Term
6.10
Nuisance variable
Definition
Term
6.11
Randomization
Definition
Term
6.12
Elimination
Definition
Term
6.13
Constancy
Definition
Term
6.14
Balancing
Definition
Term
6.15
Counterbalancing
Definition
Term
6.16
Within-Subject Counterbalancing
Definition
Term
6.17
Within-group Counterbalancing
Definition
Term
6.18
Complete Counterbalancing
Definition
Term
6.19
Incomplete Counterbalancing
Definition
Term
6.20
Sequence or Color Effects
Definition
Term
6.21
Carryover Effect
Definition
Term
6.22
Differential Carryover
Definition
Term
7.1
Precedent
Definition
Term
7.2
Power
Definition
Term
7.3
Rosenthal Effect
Definition
Term
7.4
Single-blind Experiment
Definition
Term
7.5
Demand Characteristics
Definition
Term
7.6
Good participant effect
Definition
Term
7.7
yea-sayers
Definition
Term
7.8
nay-sayers
Definition
Term
7.9
Response Set
Definition
Term
7.10
Double-blind Expperiment
Definition
Term
7.11
Cross -cultural Psychology
Definition
Term
7.12
Culture
Definition
Term
7.13
Etic
Definition
Term
7.14
emic
Definition
Term
7.15
Ethnocentric
Definition
Term
7.16
Cultural Response set
Definition
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