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chaper 6
bonding
43
Chemistry
Not Applicable
03/30/2004

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Term
chemical bond
Definition
a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together.
Term
covalent bonding
Definition
results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.
Term
ionic bonding
Definition
chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions.
Term
nonpolar-covalent bond
Definition
a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.
Term
polar
Definition
has an uneven distribution of charge.
Term
polar-covalent bond
Definition
covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for shared electrons.
Term
molecule
Definition
neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.
Term
molecular compound
Definition
chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules
Term
chemical formula
Definition
indicates the relative numbers of atoms in each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts.
Term
molecular formula
Definition
shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound.
Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
molecule conataining only two atoms
Term
bond length
Definition
distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms.
Term
bond energy
Definition
energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms.
Term
octet rule
Definition
chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level.
Term
electron-dot notation
Definition
an electron-configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the elements symbol.
Term
unshared pair
Definition
pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom.
Term
lone pair
Definition
pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom.
Term
Lewis Structures
Definition
formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner- shell electrons, dot-pairs, or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons.
Term
structural formula
Definition
indicates the kind, number, arragement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule.
Term
single bond
Definition
is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms.
Term
double bond
Definition
a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Term
triple bond
Definition
a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Term
multiple bonds
Definition
double and triple bonds.
Term
resonance
Definition
bonding in molecules or ions that can not be corrctly represented by a single Lewis Structure.
Term
ionic compound
Definition
composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
Term
formula unit
Definition
the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionics compounds formula can be established.
Term
lattice energy
Definition
the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseousions.
Term
polyatomic ions
Definition
a charged group of covalently bonded atoms.
Term
metallic bonding
Definition
the chemical bonding that reults from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons.
Term
malleability
Definition
ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets.
Term
ductility
Definition
ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire.
Term
molecular polarity
Definition
uneven distribution of molecular charge.
Term
VSEPR theory
Definition
states that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible.
Term
hybridization
Definition
mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energy's on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies.
Term
Hybrid orbitals
Definition
orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom.
Term
intermolecular forces
Definition
forces of attraction between molecules.
Term
dipole
Definition
created by equal but opposite charges that are seperated by a short distance.
Term
dipole-dipole forces
Definition
forces of attraction between polar molecules
Term
hydrogen bonding
Definition
the intramolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a hearby molecule.
Term
London dipersion forces
Definition
the intramolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles.
Term
Intramolecular forces
Definition
The forces of attraction within individual molecules.
Term
Within
Definition
Intra
Term
Between
Definition
Inter
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