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| The Other Kingdom: Protists |
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Definition
When they aren't plants, animals, or fungi; they are protists, or microbial eukaryotes(although not all are microbes)
Not a clade, but paraphyletic, meaning they aren't related in any way except that they are unrelated. |
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A clade, and a dominant group of phytoplankton(plant plankton). They carry out 1/5+ of all photosynthetic carbon fixation on earth.
Asexual reproduction by binary fission.
They also store oil in their cells to manage depth. This becomes our petroleum deposits. |
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| The endosymbiont lives inside a host; mutually beneficial. |
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Does not benefit host, rather, it only helps the parasite and harms the host.
You parasite. |
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Form red tides, and include diatoms, dinoflagellates, and haptophytes. Some produce a neurotoxin that kill things.
Many are armored with elaborate scales. |
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| Secrete shells of calcium carbonate. They end up as deposits of limestone, and the sand on some beaches. Also used to date and characterize sedimentary rocks, and infer temperatures from the past. |
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| Origin of the Eukaryotic Cell |
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Definition
1. Flexible Cell surface, loss of cell wall
2. Cytoskeleton
3. Nuclear envelope
4. Digestive vesicles or vacuoles.
5. Endosymbiotic acquisition of organelles. |
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| Synapomorphy that distinguishes this clade is the presence of alveoli or sacs beneath the surface of the plasma membrane. All are unicellular. |
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| Most are marine and primary producers. Mixture of pigments give them a golden brown color. Some are endosymbionts (coral) some are nonphotosynthetic parasites. |
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| All parasites. Lack contractile vacuoles and have a nonfunctional chloroplast. |
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| Numerous cilia, most are heterotrophic and diverse in shape and size. |
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| Not plants, sisters to diatoms. Carotenoid fucoxanthin gives the brown color. Produce glue, alginic acid to anchor to rock, hold cells and filaments together. |
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Definition
Include several clades; all trace back to the original engulfment of a cyanobacterium.
Gluaucophytes, red algae, chlorophytes, land plants, charophytes. |
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| Unicellular, freshwater. Chloroplast retains a bit of peptidoglycan between the inner and outer membrane, remnant of the cyanobacterium. |
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| Syster group to charophytes and land plants. Some form colonies of cells. |
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Several clades lack mitochondria-a derived condition.
Diplomonads, parabasalids, heteroloboseans, euglenids, kinetoplastids |
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Term
| Diplomonads and parabasalids |
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Definition
| Unicllular, lack mitochondria(lost) |
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Definition
Single flagellum, if present.
Fungi, choanoflagellates, animals, loboseans, plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds |
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| Sister clade to animals. A model for the origin or multicellularity with tissue specialization. |
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lobe-shaped pseudopods, sisters to opisthokonts;
Loboseans(unicellular), plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds(cellular and multicellular forms). |
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