Beta- Andenergic Blocking Agents

-metoprolol (Toprol)

-bisporlol (Zebta)

-atenolol (Tenormin)

-Propanolol (Inderal)

MOA- Blocks Beta-1 receptors decreases HR, inhibits renin release from kidneys

Uses:Initial therapy for stage 1& 2 HTN

C.S.E- Bradycardia, masks hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients

Diuretics

(Loop)

-furosemide (lasix)

-metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

-bumetanide (Bumex)

Diuretics

(Thiazides)

-hydrochlorothiazide

Transdermal Contaceptives

morelgetromin-Ethinyl estradiol transdermal system

(ortho Evra)

MOA- Inhibits ovulation

Uses- estrogen and progestin in patch form

S.E-Blurred vision, leg pain

Oral Contraceptives

-Combination Pill

-Mini Pill

- Extended and Continuous

Combintaion- taken for 21 days of menstral cycle, estrogen and progestin

Subdivied - monophasic, biphasic, triphasic

Mini Pill- taken everyday - only progestin

Extended and Continuous - 24 or 84 day cycles followed by a short placebo period

Oral Contraceptives

-Estrogen - Blocks pituitary release of FSH

- Progestins - Inhibit Pituitary Release of LH

MOA- Induce contraception by inhibinting ovulation

S.E.- Break through bleeding, leg pain, chest pain, SOB

Vaginitis

Common cause of lower reproduction tract infections

-candida albicans

-trichomonas vaginalis

- gardnerella vaginalis

Other Agents

Phytonadione

MOA- fat soluable vitamin K fot the production of blood clotting factors

Uses- Administered prophylactically to protect against hemorrhagic diseas of the the new born

S.E- brusing , hemorrhage

Other Agents

Erythromycin Ophthalmic Ointment

(Ilotycin)

MOA & Uses- macrolide antibiotic used prophylactically to prevent opthalmia neonatorum, effective against C. trachomatis

S.E.- mild conjunctivitis

Other Agnets

- Rho (D) immune globulin

Suspress stimulation of actice immunity by Rh-positive foreign body cells, prevent Rh hemolytic disease in new borns

Uses- Prevent Rh immunization fo Rh- negative patient exposed to Rh- positive blood

S.E.- localized tenderness, generalized aches and pains

Other agents

-clomiphene citrate

(Clomid)

MOA- stimulate ovaries to release ova for potential fertilization

Uses- induce ovulation in woment with low estrogen levels

SE- sever abdominla cramps visual disturbance

Uterine relaxants

Terbutaline sulfate

(Brethine)

MOA - Beta 1 & 2 agonist produces telaxation of uterine , bronchial and vasculat smooth musce Increased HR

uses- STOP premature labor wehn no underlying pathology indicates pregnancy be discontinued

se- tachycardia, palpitaions, HTN

Uterine telaxants

-magnesium sulfate

moa- anticonvulsant effect, smooth muscle, relaxation, inhibit uterine muscle contractions

uses - inhibit preterm labor, controll seizure activity, associated with preeclampsia, and eclampsia

se- confusion, decreased urine out put.

ANTIDOTE FOR MAGNESIUM TOXICITY

UTERINE STIMULANTS

-oxytocin (Pitocin)

moa- stimulats uterine smooth muscle, blood vessels, mammary glands

uses - initiate active labor in 3rd trimester, postpartum uterine atony controll, and hemorrhage

se- hypotension, HTN, H2O intocicaiton, dehydration, hemorrhage

Uterine stimlants

-ergonovine (Ergotrate meleate)

-methylergonovine (Methergine)

moa- Directly simulate uterine contractions

uses controll bleeding and maintain firmness in postpartum patients

SE- HTN

Uterine stimulants

-misprostol

(Cytotec)

moa- causes uterine contraction in pregnancy

uses - cervical ripening agent, induce labor, serious postpatum hemorrhage

se- orthostatic hypotension

uterine stimulants

-Dinoprostone

(prostin E2, Prepidil, Cervidil)

MOA- uterine and GI smooth muscle stimulant, start and contunue cervical ripening at term

uses- expell uterine contents after fetal death,

se- orthostatic hypotension

estrogen

Antiandrogen Agents

-Dutastride (Avodart)

-Finasteride (Proscar)

moa- inhibie enxyme 5-alpha reductase lowers DHT levels

uses - Treats BPH, reduces risk of urinary retention and reduces the need for surgery in BPH patients

SE- impotence, decreased libido and volume of ejaculate

FINASTERIDE - S.E.- male pattern baldness

Alpha-1 Andernergic Blocking agents

-Terasozin

-Tamsulosin (Flomax)

moa- block alpha-1 receptors of the prostate gland, muscle relaxing , increases outflow

uses- reduce mild to moderate urinary obstruction in men w/BPH

se- tachycardia, fainting

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

-sildenafil (Viagra)

- tadafil (Cialis)

- vardenafil (Levitra)

moa- selectice inhibitor of PDE-5 enzyme

Uses- erectile dysfunction, pulmonayr arterial hypertension

Se- hypotension, sustained erection, loss of vistion

Direct Renin Inhibitors

-aliskiren (Tekturna)

moa- block 1st step in RAAS cascade prevention release of aldosterone

uses- antihypertensive, reduce B/P

SE - altered fluid and electrlytes, Birth defects

ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)

-valsartan (Diovan)

- Olmesartan (Benicar)

-losartan (Cozaar)

moa- binds to angiotensin 2 receptor sites and block the vasoconstrictor from binding to receptor sites in targes organs

Uses- reduce B/P

se- hyperkalemia, birth defects

Intrabaginal Hormonal Contraceptive

etonogestrel-ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring

(Nuva Ring)

MOA- Estrogen and progestin inhibit ovulation

uses - plastic ring dosage form instered into vagina

se- leg pain, chest pain, SOB

ACE Inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme)

-lisinopril (Privinil)

-catopril

-enalapril (Vasotec)

-ramipril (Altace)

moa- inhibit angiotensin I convering enzyme disrupting the conversion. ACE I-> ACE II

uses- single therapy for stage 1 or 2 htn

se- COUGH

Miscellaneous Antilipemic Agents

-omega - 3 fatty acids (Lovaza)

moa- decrease synthesis of triglycerides in liver

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF EPA AND DHA

USES- combo treatment w/ dietary therapy to decrease the increase of triglyceride levels

se- back and abdominal pain

Miscellaneous Antilipmic Agents

-ezetimibe (Zetia)

moa- block absorption of cholestrole from small intestine

uses - combo treatment w/ dietary therapy to decrease increased chloesterol

se- abdominal pain

SHOULD BE USED IN COMBO

Fibric acids

-Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

-Fenofibrate (Tricor)

moa- decrease triglyceride levels

uses- combo treatment with dietary therapy to treat hypertriglyceridemia

S E -malaise, jaundice

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors

(Statins)

 -Tosuvastatin (Crestor)

-Atorcastatin (Lipitor)

-Simvastatin (Zocor)

moa- inhibit enzymes responsible for converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate, decrease liver cholesterol

uses- combo w/ diatary therapy to decrease LDL and total cholestrol levels

SE- liver dysfuction, myoapthy, RHABDOMYOLYSIS

Pregnancy category X

NIACIN (NICOTINC ACID) Vit B3

moa- inhibits VLDL synthesis by liver cells

Best to increase HDL

uses - treatment of dyslipidemies, lower risk of CAD

SE- Hepato tozicity , myopathy, HTN

DO NOT GIVE IN PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

Bil Acid - Binding Resins

-Cholestyramin

-Colestipol

-Colesevelum

MUST BE GIVEN WITH MEALS 

MOA- Binds to bile acids, promotes increased metabolism of cholesterol

uses - in combo with dietary therapy to decrease increased cholesterol

SE - constipation, Vit K deficiency 

Directy Vasodilator

-Hydralazine (Apersolin)

-Minoxidil (Loniten)

-Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

moa- relax arteriel smooth muscle, decrease peripheral bascular resistance

uses - treats stage 2 HTN, renal disease HTN

SE - palpitation, tachycardia, Hair growth

Central - Acting Alpha-2 Agnoists

-Clonidine (Catapress)

-Methyldopa

moa- stimulats alpha-adernergic recptors in the brainstem, reducing sympathetic out flow from the CNS

uses- used only in combination

SE- Depression, Rash

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents

-doxasozin (cardura)

-prazosin (Minipress)

-Terazosin (Hytin)

moa - block postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors to produce vasodialation, decrease peripheral vascular resistance

uses- decrease B/P, Decreas mild to moderate urinay obstruction (BPH in men)

SE- tachycardia, dizziness

Calcium Channel Blockers

DIHYDROPYRIDINES

-amlodipine (Norvasc)

-bepridil (Cascor)

-felodipine (Plendil)

moa- dilates the arteris

Uses- HTN, A-FIB

SE- Hypotension, syncope, edema

Calcium Channel Blockers

NONDIYDROPYRIDINES

-diltiazem (Cardizem)

-verapamil (Calan)

moa - inhibits the transportation of Calcium in to the myocardial and casculat smooth muscle reduces mycardial comtractabily and demant for oxygen

Uses- A-FIB, 1st or 2nd line of HTN

SE- Hypotension, syncope, edema