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Chaper 12 Flash Cards
vocabulary
20
Environmental Studies
10th Grade
01/11/2011

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Cards

Term
soil
Definition
the mixture of disintegrated organic matter
Term
parent material
Definition
the base geological material in a particular location
Term
bedrock
Definition
the mass of solid rock that makes up the earths crust
Term
weathering
Definition
the physical and chemical processes that break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles
Term
soil horizons
Definition
a distinct layer of soil
Term
soil profile
Definition
accross-section of all the soil horizons in a specific soil
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is approximitly equal parts, sand, clay,and silt)
Term
soil degradation
Definition
the deterioration of those characteristics of soil needed for plant growth or other ecosystem services
Term
overgrazing
Definition
allowing animals to eat so much of the plant cover in a field or pasture that the plants cannot regrow
Term
desertification
Definition
a loss of more than percent in the productivity of soil due to erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, drought, or other factors
Term
irrigation
Definition
using a source other than precipitation to water crops
Term
salinization
Definition
the build up of salts in the surface layers of soil
Term
pesticides
Definition
chemicals used to kill organisms that attack or compete with plants that humans value
Term
traditional agriculture
Definition
a type of farming that relies on human and animal power along with hand tools and nonmotorized machines
Term
yield
Definition
the amount of a crop produced in a given area
Term
industrial agriculture
Definition
a type of farming that relies on technology and chemicals to increase yields and reduce costs
Term
green revolution
Definition
the intro of new technologies, crop varieties, and farming practices to the developing world
Term
biological pest control
Definition
the use of organisms to battle pests and weeds
Term
integrated pest management
Definition
the use of both biological and chemical methods to control safely and economically
Term
pollinators
Definition
an insect or animal that transfers pollen from one plant to another
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