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| Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context |
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| People who share a culture and a territory |
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| the group memberships that people have because of their locaiton |
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| At the center of the sociological perspective is the question... |
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| How do groups influence people & how people are influenced by their society |
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| the application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge obtained by those methods |
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- Industrial Revolution: Europes economy switched from agriculture to factory production; poor working conditions and all family memebers forced to work
- French and American revolutions: People of society realized they deserved to be treated better/more fairly;numerous governments where then influenced to switch from traditional western monarchies to democratic forms
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| the degree to which members of a group or a society are united by sharing norms, values, behaviors and other social bonds; also known as "social cohesion" |
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the use of objective, systematic observations to test theories
- Positivism: the application of the scientific method to the social world
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| the scientific study of society and human behavior |
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First to propose positivism
- Founder of sociology
- Began to analyze the bases of social order
- Applied scientific method to society but not to himself
Moved from his small town to Paris and noticed change, sparking interest as to why
"Armchair Philosophy" - drawing conclusions from informal observation of social life |
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- 2nd founder of sociology
- coined the term "survival of the fittest"
- thought helping the poor was wrong, and that it just helped the "less fit" survive
- disagreed with Comte that sociology should guide social reform
- Idea of a constantly improving society
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- Believed the roots of human misery lay in class conflict, the exploitation of workers by those who own means of production
- believed higher-up workers could never be overthrown by lower workers
- His ideas influence particularly conflict theorists
- "Marxism" is NOT communism
He came to England after being exiled from Germay for proposing revolution; thought revolution was the only way that workers could gain control in society |
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| capatalists; those who own the means to produce wealth |
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| exploited workers; those who do NOT own the means for production |
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- Studied suicide rats
- contributed numerous concepts
- "People are more likely to commit suicide if their ties to others in communities are weak"
- Believed sociology = key role of social integration
- Primary goal: to get sociology recognized as a seperate academic discipline; secondary goal: to show how social forces affect behavior
World's first sociology professor |
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