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Chap. 7
hole
9
Other
1st Grade
03/23/2016

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Term

 

The placenta consists of two parts:

a larger fetal part derived from the                             and a smaller maternal part developed from the                        .

The two parts are held together by stem chorionic villi that attach to the                                      surrounding the chorionic sac, which attaches the sac to the                         .

 

Definition

villous chorion

decidua basalis

cytotrophoblastic shell

decidua basalis

Term

 

The principal activities of the placenta are                (synthesis of glycogen, cholesterol, and fatty acids),                    gas exchange (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide), transfer of nutrients (vitamins, hormones, and antibodies), elimination of waste products, and endocrine secretion(e.g.          ) for maintenance of pregnancy.

 

Definition

metabolism

respiratory

hCG

Term

 

The fetal circulation is separated from the maternal circulation by a thin layer of extrafetal tissues, the                              .

This permeable membrane allows water, oxygen, nutritive substances, hormones, and noxious agents to pass from the mother to the embryo/fetus.

Excretory products pass through the                       from the fetus to the mother.

 

Definition

placental membrane

placental membrane

Term

 

The fetal membranes and placentas in multiple pregnancies vary considerably, depending on the derivation of the embryos and the time when division of embryonic cell occurs.

The common type of twins is DZ twins, with two              , two             , and two               that may or may not be fused.

 

Definition

amnions

chorions

placentas

 

 

*DZ twins (dizygotic twins)

Term

 

MZ twins, the less common type, represent approximately            of all twins;

they are derived from one zygote. MZ twins commonly have         chorion,         amnions, and         placenta.

Twins with one amnion, one chorion, and one placenta are always monozygotic, and their                            are often entangled.

Other types of multiple birth (e.g. triplets) may be derived from one or more zygotes.

 

Definition

one third

one

two

one

umbilical cords

 

*MZ twins (monozygotic twins or identical twins)

Term

 

The umbilical vesicle and allantois are vestigial structures; however, their presence is essential to normal embryonic development.

Both are early sites of                        and both are partly incorporated into the embryo.

                               also originate in the wall of the umbilical vesicle.

 

Definition

blood formation

primordial germ cells

Term

 

The                         and                      are vestigial structures; however, their presence is essential to normal embryonic development.

Both are early sites of           formation and both are partly incorporated into the embryo.

 Primordial germ cells also originate in the wall of the                         .

 

Definition

umbilical vesicle

allantois

blood

umbilical vesicle

Term

 

The amnion forms and amniotic sac for amniotic fluid and provides a covering for the                       .

The amniotic fluid has three main functions:

to provide a                            for the embryo/fetus, to allow room for                           ,

and to assist in the regulation of fetal                               .

 

Definition

umbilical cord

protective buffer

fetal movements

body temperature

Term

The placenta consists of two parts:

a larger fetal part derived from the                             and a smaller maternal part developed from the                        .

The two parts are held together by                                  that attach to the cytotrophoblastic shell surrounding the                      , which attaches the sac to the                      .

Definition

villous chorion

decidua basalis

stem chorionic villi

chorionic sac

decidua basalis

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