Term
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Definition
| the act of putting in prison or another exclosure |
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Term
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Definition
repeated relapse,
as into crime |
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Term
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Definition
| relocation of a crime as a result of police crime-prevention efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| effect of punishment on an individual offender prevents a person from committing future crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| incarceration of high-risk offenders for prevention reasons based on what they are expected to do, not already done |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual acts if balancing costs against benefits to arrive at action that maximizes personal advantages |
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Term
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Definition
| area with a greater number of access to streets from high traffic street into a neighborhood; familiar, vulnerable, and more escape routes |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden changes in police activity designed to increase communication of threat/actual certainty of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by 2 independent effects |
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Term
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Definition
| produce positive short term effects, but criminals adjust to new conditions; eliminate specific crime problems |
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Term
| situtional crime prevention |
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Definition
| developed tactics to reduce/eliminate specific crime problems |
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Term
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Definition
| residential design to reduce criminal opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| innocent till proven guilty |
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Term
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Definition
| do things equally pleasurable and avoid less pleasurable (negative) things |
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Term
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Definition
| punishment must equal the crime committed |
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Term
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Definition
| crime rates influenced and controlled by a threat of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| excitement of successfully executing illegal activities in dangerous situations |
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Term
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Definition
| keeping offenders in confinement will eliminate risk of further offenses |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy of justice asserts those who violate rights of others deserved to be punished |
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Term
| Did Beccaria believe punishment should be as severe as possible? |
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Definition
| more severe, certain and swift punishment equals greater ability to control criminal behavior |
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Term
| according to Beccaria, to deter crime punishment must be...? |
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Definition
| criminal choices can be controlled by fear of punishment, but has to be proportional |
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Term
| What did Beccaria believe about "proportional" |
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Definition
| the punishment must equal the crime; the punishment cant be greater than the crime; example: stealing a candy bar, cant be punished by death |
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Term
| criminal choices could be controlled by...? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Beccaria believe about human nature? |
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Definition
| assumes everyone is motivated, unless by threat. People choose all behavior, including criminal. choices designed to bring pleasure and reduce pain |
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Term
| What did Bentham state was the purpose of the law? |
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Definition
| to produce/support total happiness of the community as a whole: Utilitarianism |
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Term
| what did Bentham mean by Hedonistic Calculus? |
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Definition
| we preform a mental exercise to consider behavior(s) |
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Term
| what is meant by offense specific? |
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Definition
| refers to offenders reacting to characters to a crime; example: security devices, police presents, any witnesses etc. |
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Term
| what is the difference of limited and unlimited free will? |
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Definition
| in limited people have the ability to choose, but only chices provided to them. unlimited is self explanitory |
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Term
| rationality refers to...? |
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Definition
| free will; can make your own decision; orsome criminals are desperate and choices become reasonable alternative |
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Term
| can shame and humiliation be a deterrent? |
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Definition
| yes, it is a fear which is a deterrent |
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Term
| who wrote Seductions of Crime? |
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Definition
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Term
| who developed the classical school of criminology? |
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Definition
| during the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment period by utilitarian and social contract philosophers Bentham and Beccaria |
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Term
what is Von Hirsch's proposal about
"just desert"? |
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Definition
those who vilate others rights must be punished; we shouldn't add to human suffering, punishment makes those punished suffer; punishment may prevent more misery than inflicts;
"based punishment" |
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Term
| is there a little or a lot of evidence that fear of apprehension and punishment reduce crime rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| an factors of severity, certainty and speed influence one another? |
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Definition
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Term
| classical school: did they believe criminal choices be controlled by fear of punishment? |
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Definition
| unless deterred by threat of swift, certain and approriate severe punishment(s), may commit crime in own self-interest |
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Term
| can planned and focused problem-oriented policing strategies reduce crime and disorder? |
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Definition
| yes, it reduces crime and disorder |
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Term
| can fear of informal sanctions be important to reducing crime? |
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Definition
| it is a greater crime reducing impact than fear of punishment |
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Term
| can personal factors condition people to choose crime? |
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Definition
| yes, example: if you work at a bank and your spouse has cancer and you can't afford medical bills. you commit a white collar crime of stealing from a bank. |
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Term
| who wrote the book on Crimes and Punishment? |
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Definition
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Term
| do heavy drug users show signs of rationality? |
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Definition
no;
example: Lindsey Lohan |
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Term
| do serial killers show signs of rationality? |
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Definition
| if you carry a gun it's for a rational reason |
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