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An entire organ sys because it's composed of tissue
Protection from the sun, thermal stress, and infections
Thing but very tough; thinnest at eyelids and thickest at back and shoulders
Waterproof
Self-mending
Cools and heats the body
Made of: skin, glands, hair, and nails |
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| Separation between dermis and epidermis |
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Underneath dermis
Connects dermis to muscle or bone |
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| Helps supply the epidermis with blood |
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Form fingerprints
Help hands grasp things |
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Network of fibers beneath papillae
Allows skin to stretch without tearing |
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Shows direction of collagen fibers
Along lines, no scar. Against lines, scar |
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Send and receive signals form brain and spinal cord
Wrap around hair on skin |
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Is keratinized tissue
Doesn't hurt to cut |
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1st - kill epidermis cells; least painful and damaging
2nd - epidermis completely destroyed; hair follicle helps replenish epi. cells
3rd - completely destroys dermis and epidermis; only repair is skin graft |
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| Arrector Pili (goose bumps) |
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Definition
When contracted, change hair position
In response to cold temp or fear
When hair stands on end, warm air is trapped against surface of skin; body warms |
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Hypodermis
Not part of skin
Needles are injected here and into bloodstream |
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| Produce sweat, which travels up sweat duct and spills out through sweat pores |
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Deepest layer of epidermis
One cell thick
Constant mitosis
As they reproduce, cells are pushed up through other layers |
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Next layer
Several cells thick
Constant mitosis
Contains melanocytes - produce dark brown pigment known as melanin |
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Most dangerous form of skin cancer
Results from uncontrolled mitosis of melanocytes |
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Another type of skin cancer
Curable is surgically removed |
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3rd layer of skin
Skin cells begin killing themselves because of overproduction of keratin |
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Important protein
Makes skin water proof |
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Found only in thick skin of palms and soles
Dead skin cells |
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| Process by which dead skin cells kill themselves as they travel upward toward the suface |
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Most superficial layer of skin
Cells flake off skin all the time |
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All mammals have
2 sections: shaft and root
Shaft - sticks out
Root - underneath the skin
Hair bulb - the base of the root |
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All made of keratinized cells
Medula - central layer; contains 2-3 layers of cells
Cortex - makes up most of the hair
Cuticle |
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| Smells because sulfur from keratin is burning |
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| Pocket out of which the hair grows |
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The procedure that eliminates hair growth because it kills the matrix.
Without the matrix, there is no reproduction of cells to make hair. |
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On average, hair grows 1/2" a month
Cells in matrix reproduce often. In the rest stage, cells in matrix don't reproduce much |
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| 90% of follicles on head are in growth stage. Body loses 100 hairs a day. Eyelashes grow 30 days and rest for 105 days. |
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Dark - made of a lot of melanin
Light - made of little melanin
Hair is white for albinos |
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Root lies under the skin
Have no resting stage |
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At bottom of nail root where cells reproduce
Differentiate, keratinize
Causes cell to grow |
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| Looks white because it's thicker than the rest of nail |
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Offer protectoin
Reinforce fingertips
Make grasping easier
Used for scratching |
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Merocrine - produce sweat and dump it into surface of cells
Apocrine - pits and other areas; secretes very strong odor |
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Term
| Sebaceous (Holocrine) Glands |
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Definition
Secrete entire epithelial cell
Secrete an oil called sebum which softens hair and skin
Prone to acne. Bacteria can live on secretions of sebaceous glands; bacteria cause inflammation, hence red bump. |
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Beneath the integumentary sys
Function: support |
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Designed to bear the weight of the body
Cartilage provides firm, flexible support
Ligaments hold bones together
Protects the organs it surrounds
Movement
Storage |
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AKA brain pony tail
Protected by vertebral column |
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Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
If the content of these minerals drops in blood, bone releases it. |
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| Contained in bones of arms, legs, hands, and feet |
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Hemo refers to the hemoglobin found in RBCs
Poesis = to manufacture |
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| Produces RBCs and WBCs which end up in blood stream |
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Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid |
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Bone is longer than wide
e.g. Femur |
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Bone is as wide as it is long
e.g. Carpal |
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Thin and usually curved
e.g. Ribs |
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Small round bones that develop inside tendons
e.g. Knee caps |
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Doesn't fit into any of the other categories
e.g. Vertebra |
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Diaphysis
Epiplysis - end of bone; spongy
Epiphyseal plate - growth place; at end |
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| Made up of hyaline cartilage so they could grow |
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