How did Islam spread south of the Sahara?

·         between 18^th century and 1800 Islam was intro.

·         Process was slow, peaceful, I partial

·         Practice Islam – elite, Straders

·         Est. the model for later empires of the Sahel region of the western Sutaa

·         emerged as a regional power near the end of the 1^st mil.

·         cap = Kumbi Saleh

·         Maj. pop. = the Soninke

·         Greatest king, whose pilgrimage through Mamiak Cairo to mecca became famous

·         meaning “king of Kings”

·         became the leading intellectual center of sub-Saharan Islam

·         Famous for its madrasas, libraries, poets, scientists, architects

·         Famous major trading city

How did the arrival of Europeans affect the people of West and Central Africa?

·         in coastal forest lands at West Africa, a kingdom rose in Benin

·         Famous for its brass sculptures

·         Influence by contract with emperor traders and intro of food crops with americans

Gold Coast-

·         Another West African coastal district

·         heavily affected by the arrival of international maritime trade

·         region ferned as outlet for the gold fields

Kongo-

·         kingdom location on a fertile

·         well natured plateau

·         central government

·         specialization in weaving, potter, salt production, fishing, metal working

A language and culture that developed from the interaction of Africans and Arabs along the East African coast

The Spanish and Portuguese term for Muslims

·         viewed as enemies

• “struggled to wrest the commerce and parts of Africa from Islamic control as a Christian crusade

A huge site encompassing 2 major building complexes

1-      acropolis- socity of stone enlusmor a hill

2-      Sofala- gold trade

“Apartness” the term referring to racist policies enforced by the white-dominated regime that existed in South Africa from 1948 to 1992