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• Normans (North mon), Swept into Europe from Scandinavia
• *people who visited Europe alternately as gregarious traders and savage Europe |
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| • Village farms owned by a lord |
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| • Land granted to a vassal in exchange for services, usually military purposes |
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| • Gave Christians a favored status within empire, such as great lands and wealth |
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| • The emperor acting as if he held authority over the church as well over his kingdom |
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| • A person granted an estate or cash payments in return for accepting the obligation to render services to a lord |
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• A chieftain who converted to orthodox Christianity
• Founded the 1st Frankish dynasty, the Merovingians |
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Explain the doctrine of a post olic primacy |
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| • Doctrine that the popes are the direct successors to the Apostle Peter and as such, heads of the church |
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| • Pheasants tied to the land they tilled |
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Why did Charlemagne’s empire break up after his death? |
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• Although governed many countries and many alliances, his empire was ungovernable
• he increased power of local lords but their power/wealth came to grant= putting self-interest above royal authority
• his empire dissolved among his heir |
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How did the Byzantine Empire continue the legacy of the Roman Empire? |
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• Constantine the Great rebuilt/renamed city after himself
• Peak= reign of Justinian, whose achievements = Corpus Juris Civilis, a condification of Roman law
• Byz. emp. helped protext medieval Western Europe from Muslim invaders and preserved much of classical learning |
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What were Charlemagne’s accomplishments? |
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• Defend Lombards of North Italy
• His kingdom = France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland…
• Use Church to promote social stability and hierarchical order |
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Describe Benedict’s rule for monastic life. |
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• Wrote a Rule for Monasteries, a plan that both controlled and enriched Monastic life
• Periods of study/religion devotions = 4hrs a day
• Their disciplined organized and devotions to hard work= political power and spiritual force wherever settled |
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• Constantinople the Great rebuilt Byz. and name after himself
• 3 distinct period:
o rebuilding of Byz. through an early period of expansion, the beginning of Arab expansion and spread of Islam
o Time of sustained contraction, *fall of Constantinople to Western Crusaders
o The catastrophic fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks |
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• Ruled 1st period of Byz. history
• Empires strength lay in its more than 1, 500 allies
• Corpus Juris Civilis collided and revised Roman law
• Close ties between rulers and church
• Empire had large cities and was the crossroads of Asian and European civilization. |
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