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Chap. 1 - Drawing Conclusions from Data
Various Graph and Data Definitions
37
Mathematics
8th Grade
09/26/2011

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Term
data
Definition
attributes of a certain variable or of certain variables
Term
qualitative data
Definition
information that can be collectes that is not numerical; describes a category
Term
quantitative data
Definition
a type of information that can be counted or expressed numerically
Term
analyze data
Definition
a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making.
Term
What are the 2 methods of analyzing central tendency?
Definition
median and mean
Term
What are the 2 methods of analyzing measures of spread?
Definition
range and mode
Term
range
Definition
the difference between the greatest and least values in a set
Term
outlier
Definition
an item of data that is much higher or lower than the rest of the data
Term
stem-and-leaf plot
Definition
a display that shows data in order of place value
Term
leaf
Definition
a data item's last digit on the right
Term
stem
Definition
represents the digits to the left of the leaf
Term
key
Definition
explains what the stems and leaves represent
Term
frequency
Definition
number of times something occurs
Term
frequency table
Definition
lists each data item with the number of times it occurs
Term
line plot
Definition
representation of a frequency table in which an x is placed above the category of response for each response
Term
histogram
Definition
special type of bar graph used to show the frequency of data (no spaces between bars--height of each bar gives the frequency of the data)
Term
back-to-back plot
Definition
a special type of stem-and-leaf plot in which one can display two sets of data side-by-side
Term
box and whisker plot
Definition
shows the distribution of data in each 25% of the set of the data
Term
quartile
Definition
a set of 25% of the data
Term
interquartile range
Definition
also called the "middle 50," the inner two quartiles of a box and whisker plot
Term
population
Definition
any group of objects or people
Term
sample
Definition
small subset of the population
Term
sample size
Definition
number of objects in the sample
Term
random sample
Definition
each object in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
Term
biased questions
Definition
unfair questions that make assumptions that may or may not be true, or that make one answer seem better than the other
Term
closed option question
Definition
limited to listed choices (ex. multiple choice questions)
Term
open-option questions
Definition
option to answer freely
Term
scatter plot
Definition
related data from two different sets are graphed as ordered pairs
Term
fitted line
Definition
points on a scatter plot show a trend, sometimes representable by a straight line
Term
positive correlation
Definition
as the value of one variable increases, the other increases also
Term
negative correlation
Definition
as the value of one variable increases, the other decreases
Term
no correlation
Definition
there is no line that closely fits the points
Term
mean
Definition
sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of data items
Term
median
Definition
middle number in a set of numbers in numerical order
Term
mode
Definition
data item that occurs most often in a set
Term
univariate
Definition
sample or measurement that involves a single quantitative variable (measures and analyzes one type of thing)
Term
bivariate
Definition
paired samples or measurements that involve two quantitative variables (measure and analyze two types of things)
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