Term
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Definition
| a class II topoisomerase, and enzyme that introduces supercoils by breaking the DNA strand completely to allow winding, then resealing it |
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Term
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Definition
| and enzyme that catalyzes the addition of DNTPs onto a DNA strand during replication. Needs RNA primer to work |
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Term
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Definition
| Required to start a new replication chain, made by primase |
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Term
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Definition
| Seals nicks in DNA strand to complete replication |
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Term
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Definition
| unwinds replication fork to allow dny synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| segments of DNA that can move from one site on a DNA molecule to another sight on the same molecule or a different molecule |
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Term
| Theta Replication and example of it |
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Definition
| bidirectional replication of DNA from the origin of replication, Ex: E.Coli |
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Term
| what 2 enzymes are used for proofreading replicated DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bound to RNA, recognizes the promotor region of DNA and binds the RNA polymerase to the gene starting site to do its business for transcription |
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Term
| what are the 2 highly conserved regions of the Promotor on replicated DNA? |
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Definition
| Pribnow Box/-10 region and -35 region |
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Term
| What are the two types of DNA sequences that terminate transcription? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic termination/Rho independent termination and Rho- dependent termination |
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Term
| Rho-dependent termination |
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Definition
| Rho protein recognizes specific DNA sequences and causes a pause in the RNA polymerase to terminate transcription. Requires energy and is only found in prokaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exist in polycistronic mRNA, is a group of related genes costranscribed on an mRNA that allows for expression of multiple genes to be regulated coordinately |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleic acid triplet that encodes for a single amino acid, any given amino acid can have multiple codons that code for it. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the third position of a codon for tRNA is able to have irregular or lax base pairing |
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Term
| another word for stop codon is ______. why is this? |
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Definition
| nonsense codon, it doesn't code for anything |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of codons between the start codon and the stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
| ribosomal binding site on mRNA of prokaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| creates proteins from the amino acid codons in RNA. site of protein synthesis, thousands are in each cell |
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Term
| what are the two subunits of eukaryotic ribosomes? what is the full unit called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 main steps of translation? |
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Definition
1-initiation
2-elongation
3-termination |
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Term
| what are the three tRNA sites of elongation? what do they mean? |
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Definition
A-site: acceptor, accepts new tRNA
P-site: peptide, forms pp chains
E-site: empty? releases tRNA base |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of tRNA holding the polypeptide from the A-site to the P-site |
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Term
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Definition
| recognize stop codons and cleave polypeptides from tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence 15-20 residues longat the beginning of a protein that signals to the cell's secretory system that it needs to be exported. also helps keep protein from folding incorrectly |
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Term
| what are the two steps of eukaryotic cell division? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things must happen before a eukaryotic mRNA is considered mature? |
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Definition
1- Capping
2- Poly-A tail
3- Introns are removed |
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Term
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Definition
| removes introns from RNA transcripts |
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Term
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Definition
| the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes full of repetative DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that recognizes the repetativeness of telomeres in eukaryotic DNA and stops replication at the end of the telomeric site. |
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