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| Bones and muscles work together to support the body and produce body movement. |
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| How many bones are there in the body? |
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| bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
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| upon, over, above, on top |
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| excessive, abnormally high, above |
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| near, alongside, departure from normal |
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| flat shape, intervertebral disk |
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| haunch, hip joint, ischium |
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| crescent shaped moon, meniscus |
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| bone marrow (also means spinal cord, medulla, myelin) |
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| sinew or cord, fascia, nerve |
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| binding of eggs, synovial |
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| germ, bud, developing cell |
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| hernia, swelling, protrusion |
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| puncture; a surgical puncture to aspirate fluids |
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| surgical fixation, fusion |
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| falling downward, drooping |
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| surgical fixation, fusion |
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| skeletal and muscular systems provide: |
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| structure and movement of the body |
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| skeletal and muscular systems are compromised of: |
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| bones, joints, muscles, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. |
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| Functions of the Skeletal System: |
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-Supports
-Protects
-Aids in movement
-Blood cell formation
-Storage |
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-Long and slender
-Short and wide
-Flat
-Irregular |
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| comprised of minerals and collagen |
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| The primary type of bone cell, which can produce new bone matrix by secreting mineral salts and collagen. |
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| Bone cells that move through a bone to secrete new bone matrix. |
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| Bone cells that move around bone to dissolve bone matrix. |
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-Hold bones together
-Stabilize the union between two bones to permit movement of the body; Joints are stabilized by ligaments |
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| tough bands of fibrous connective tissue, which stabilize joints and connect one bone to another. |
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-Synovial joints
-Catilaginous joints
-fibrous joints |
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-Contains more than 500 muscles
-Primary function is to produce movement
-Almost every muscle in the body attaches to one or more bones by way of a tendon
-Another function is to generate heat |
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In a muscle that moves a bone, long, rod-like cells, know as skeletal muscle fibers, are bundled together to form the body of the muscle.
-Muscles are closely associated with connective tissue. |
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| The tough, fibrous connective tissue. It surrounds individual muscle cells, groups of cells, and the whole muscle which establishes an extremely strong connection between the tendon and muscle. |
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| Occurs when all of the muscle fibers in a muscle shorten at the same time, causing the muscle to shorten in its overall length. |
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The fascia of a muscle is continuous with a tendon; contraction of the muscle causes the muscle to pull on the tendon, and the tendon then pulls on the bone to which it is attached.
-Most body movements involve the contractions of several muscles at once. |
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| cord, sinew, nerve, fascia |
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| binding of eggs, synovial |
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| The branch of medicine that focuses on diseases of the skeletal and muscular system. |
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| A physician specializing in orthopedics. |
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| Inability to coordinate muscles while executing a voluntary movement. |
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| Lacking development, or wasting |
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| deformities arising during development |
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| muscle tenderness of pain |
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| abnormal, sudden involuntary muscle contraction |
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| involuntary shaking of the limbs |
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| abnormal, slow growth of long bones resulting in unusually short, stocky limbs |
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| Abnormal condition of joint stiffness |
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| Inflammation and degeneration of a joint. |
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| Inflammation of cartilage within joints. |
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| Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe. |
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| A calcium deposit within a bursa. |
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| Repetitive stress injury in which the nerves of the wrist generate pain impulses due to inflammation of synovial sheaths. |
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| Drooping of the wrist; also called wrist drop. |
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| Deterioration or softening of cartilage. |
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| Prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions. |
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| A congenital fissure of the skull. |
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| Inflammation of an intervertebral disk. |
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| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
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| Congenital condition resulting in progressive muscular weakness and deterioration. |
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| Inflammation of the cartilage of the elbow. |
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| Abnormal deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint, causing localized pain; also called gouty arthritis. |
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| A rupture of an intervertebral sick, resulting in the protusion of tissue against spinal nerves, which generates pain. |
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| A deformity of the spine characterized by the presence of a hump; also called a hunchback |
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| Inflammation of the lateral tendon of the elbow; also called tennis elbow. |
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| A deformity of the spine characterized by an anterior curve of the lumbar area. |
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| Inherited condition resulting in excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates, forming long arms and legs. |
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| Inflammation of the maxilla. |
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| Inflammation of the meniscus. |
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| A malignant tumor of bone marrow. |
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| A spasm or twitching of a muscle or muscle group. |
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| Protrusion of a muscle through its fascia. |
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| Inflammation of muscle tissue. |
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| Viral infection of bone that causes deformities of the skeleton resulting from the acceleration of bone loss; also called Paget's disease. |
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| A form of arthritis characterized by an age-related deterioration of joints that is accompanied by erosion of cartilage and painful inflammation. |
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| Inflammation of bone and associated cartilage |
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| A benign tumor of bone, in which the tumor contains fibrous connective tissue that surrounds bone. |
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| an inherited condition resulting in impaired growth and fragile bones, leading to progressive skeletal deformation and frequent fractures. |
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| a gradual and painful softening of bones |
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| a painful bone infection caused by bacteria, characterized by inflammation of the red bone marrow |
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| excessive formation of dense bone, which crowds out marrow cavities and leads to cutting off blood supply to bone; also known as marble bone. |
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| abnormal loss of bone density |
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| paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
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| inflammation of many muscles simultaneously |
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| paralysis of all four appendages |
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| a form of arthritis characterized by progressive, gradual joint deterioration that is cause by an autoimmune response |
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| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
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| trauma to the spinal cord, often resulting in paralysis |
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| inflammation of the intervertebral joints |
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| an injury resulting from stretching a ligament beyond its normal range, tearing its collagen fibers |
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| an injury resulting from stretching a muscle beyond its normal range, tearing muscle tissue |
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| cancer of a synovial membrane in a joint |
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| inflammation of a tendon, such as rotator cuff tendinitis, also called pitcher's shoulder |
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| inflammation of a tendon and the surrounding synovial membrane |
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| Also called simple, fractures are completely internal to the body |
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| also called compound, fractures project through the skin, outside the body |
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| a break in the distal part of the radius |
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| a break resulting in fragmentation of the bone |
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| a crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall |
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| a break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces |
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| a break at the location of the growth place that can affect growth of the bone |
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| a slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray |
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| a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment |
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| A break at the ankle the affects both bones of the leg |
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| A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stress along a long bone |
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| Surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluids from the synovial cavity |
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| Break of an abnormally stiff joint during surgery to increase range of motion |
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| surgical fixation of a joint |
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| x-ray film of a joint after injection of air, contrast media, or both |
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| surgical repair of a joint or total joint replacement |
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| surgery of a joint using the arthroscope |
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| endoscopic visual examination of a joint cavity using a fiber optic instrument, the arthroscope |
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| surgical excision of a bursa |
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| surgical incision into a bursa |
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| a field of therapy that mainly involves manipulation of the vertebral column |
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| a specialist in chiropractic |
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| surgical excision of a joint cartilage |
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| surgical repair of a joint cartilage |
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| surgical excision of a rib |
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| surgical repair of a defect in the cranium |
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| surgical entry into the cranium |
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| surgical excision of an intervertebral disk |
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| a diagnostic procedure that records the strength of muscle contraction |
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| surgical incision into fascia |
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| excision of part of a vertebra known as the lamina, often as part of a treatment for a herniated disk. |
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| surgical removal of a meniscus |
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| surgical repair of muscle tissue |
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| closing a muscle with sutures |
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| the medical field that manages musculoskeletal disease, abbreviated ortho |
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| a physician specializing in musculoskeletal diseases |
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| construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances to assist in patient movement, such as lifts, prosthetic devices, ect. |
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| a physician specializing in orthotics |
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| surgical breaking of a bone to correct a defect |
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| the study and treatment of bone disease |
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| a physician trained in osteopathy; also called an osteopathic surgeon |
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| a medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on preventive medicine |
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| a physician trained in podiatry; also called a chiropodist |
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| medical field specializing in treating the foot |
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| an artificial substitute for a missing body part |
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| surgical incision into the vertebral column |
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| surgical connection of adjacent vertebrae, usually as a treatment for a herniated disk |
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| surgically connecting adjacent vertebrae, commonly called spinal fusion. |
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| excision of a joint's synovial membrane |
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| surgical repair of a muscle and its tendon |
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| closing a tendon with sutures |
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