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| Generic term for an agent, usually a hormone (testosterone) that stimulates activity of the accessory male sex organs or stimulates the development of male characteristics |
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| Indicating a position; pertaining to the back or posterior (of a structure) |
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| Relative constancy or equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, which is maintained by the every-changing processes of feedback and regulation in response to external or internal changes |
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| Subcutaneous tissue layer below the dermis |
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| A covering (the skin) consisting of the epidermis and dermis, or corium |
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| Pertaining to the entire body rather than to one of its individual parts |
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| horny tissue; hard; cornea |
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| hardening; sclera (white of eye) |
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| specialist in the study of |
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| Tumor cells well differentiated. Close resemblence to tissue of origin, thus, retaining some specialied functions |
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| Tumor cells moderately differentiated. Less resemblance to tissue of origin; more variation in size and shape of tumor cells; increased mitoses |
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| Tumor cells poorly to very poorly differentiated. Does not closely resemble tissues of origin; much variation in shape and size of tumor cells; greatly increased mitoses |
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| Tumor cells very poorly differentiated. No resemblance to tissue of origin; great variation in size and shape of tumor cells |
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| No evidence of primary tumor |
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| Stage 1 Carcinoma in situ, which indicates no invasion of tissues |
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| Stage II, Primary tumor size and extent of local invasion, where T1 is small with minimal invasion and T4 is large with extensive local invasion into surrounding organs and tissues |
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| Regional lymph nodes with no abnormalities |
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| Stage III. Degree of lymph node involvement and spread to regional lymph nodes, where N1 is less involved with minimal spreading and N4 is more involved with extensive spreading |
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| No evidence of metastasis |
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| Stave IV. Indicates metastasis |
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| indicate that the tumor, node or metasasis cannot be assessed clinically |
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| Walled cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflammed or necrotic tissue |
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Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
Characterized by comedones (blackheads), papules, and pustules; usually associated with seborrhea |
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| Form of intraepidermal carcinoma (squamous cells) characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis; also called Bowen precancerous dermatosis |
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| Deep-seated pyogenic infection of the skin usually involving subcutaneous tissues |
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| Diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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| Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots |
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| Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin |
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| Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure, usually in a person who is bedridden; also known as bedsore |
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| Fungal infestion of the skin |
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| Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise |
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| Acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and, possibly, itching |
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| Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries |
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| Damaged tissue following a severe burn |
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| Bacterial infection of a hair follicle or sebaceous gland that produces a pus-filled lesion commonly called a boil |
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| Condition characterized by the excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places, especially in women |
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| Inflammatory skin disease characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture |
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| Thickened area of the epidermis; any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or wart) |
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| Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms with lesions distributed on sun-exposed areas of the skin |
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| Unanatural paleness of absence of color in the skin |
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| Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear |
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| Minute, pinpont hemorrhage under the skin |
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| Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales that are the result of excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis |
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| Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrahage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses, or petechiae |
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| Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact |
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| any fungal skin disease whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm |
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| allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red elevated patches called wheals (hives) |
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| Localized loss of skin pigmentation by milk-white patches |
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| epidermal growth caused by a virus, such as plantar warts, juvenile warts,, and venereal warts |
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| Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizers is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's reaction to it |
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| Identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amount of extracts of the suspected allergent and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction; used to determine immunity to diphtheria (schick test) or tuberculosis (Mantoux test) |
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| Identifies suspected allergens by topical application of substance to be tested (e.g. food, pollen, animal fur), usually on the forearm and observing for subsequent reaction |
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| Identifies suspected allergens by placing a small qauntity of suspected allergen on a lightly scracthed areas of the skin |
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| Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis |
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| Ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination |
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| Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound; used to promote healing and prevent infection |
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| Removal of acne scars, nevi,tattoos, fine wrinkles on the skin through the use of sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials on the anesthetized epidermis |
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| Tissue destruction by means of high-frequecy electric sparks; also called electrodesiccation |
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| Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; also used for cosmetic purposes to remove fine wrinkles in the face; also called "chemabrasion" |
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| Use of subfreezing tempertature (commonly with liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue cells, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue |
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| incision & drainage (I&D) |
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| incision in a lesion such as an abscess and drainage of its contents |
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Block the sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
Generic/trade names:
bupivacaine / Marcaine
lidocaine / Xlyocaine
procaine / Novocain |
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Alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death
Generic/Trade names:
clotrimazole / Lotrimin, Mycelex
micanazole / Micatin, Monistat-Derm
nystatin / Mycostatin, Nystex, Pedi-Dri
itraconazole / Sporanox |
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Inhibit inflammation, redness, and itching caused by allergic skin reaction and the release of histamine
Generic/Trade name:
diphenhydramine / Benadryl
hydroxyzine / Atarax, Vistaril |
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Topically applied agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical inciscions
Generic/ Trade names:
chlorhexidine / Hibiciens
ethyl or isopropyl alcohol
hydrogen peroxide |
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| corticosteroid anti-inflammatories |
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Decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's response to tissue damage
Generic/Trade names:
hydrocortisone / Cortaid, Dermolate, Locoid
triamcinolone / Aristocort, Kenalog |
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Destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed
Generic/Trade Names:
tretinoin / Retin-A, Vesanoid
erythromycin / EryDerm, Staticin
tetracycline / Topicycline |
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Kill insect parasites, such as mites & lice
Generic/Trade names:
lindane / Kwell
permethrin / Nix |
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Cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflammed skin
Generic/Trade names:
lotions / Cetaphil moisturizing lotion
creams / Neutrogena hand creme
ointments / vaseline |
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| decutitus (ulcer); bedsore |
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| impression (synonymous with diagnosis) |
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| subcutaneous (injection) - discontinuance is required and meaning must be written out |
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Includes:
Skin
hair
Nails
Glands (sweat & oil) |
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| Composed of dead flat cells; lacks blood supply & sensory receptors |
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| Only layer of the epidermis that is composed of living cells where new cells are formed |
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Also called Dermis
composed of:
living tissue
numerous capillaries
lymphatic vessles
nerve endings |
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also called Subcutaneous Layer
Binds the dermis
Composed of:
loose connective tissue
adipose tissue
blood vessels |
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| Sex Hormones/Steroid Hormones |
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| covering at the bottom of a hair follicle that encloses a loop of capillaries |
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| region where new growth occurs half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail |
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Solid, elevated lesion less than 1cm in diameter that may be the same color as the sking or pigmented
Examples:
nevus, wart, pimple, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema |
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Solid - papule, nodule, tumor, wheal
Fluid-filled - Vesicle, pustule, bulla |
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| benign tumor of fat cells |
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| Lipoma; fatty mass retained with in a sebaceous gland |
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| benign skin nodule of fibrous tissue |
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| benign or malignant vascular tumor; can often be found in children and infants |
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| Depressed lesions caused by loss of skin surface - Excoriations, fissure, ulcer |
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Flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diatmeter
examples:
freckle, flat mote or rach that occurs in rubella |
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Palpable, circumscribed lesion: larger and deeper than a papule (0.6-2cm; extends into the dermal area
Examples:
intradermal nevus, benign or malignant tumor |
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Solid, elevated lesion larger than 2cm in diameter that extends into the dermal and subcutaneous layers
Examples:
lipoma, steatoma, dermatofibroma, hemangioma |
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Elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema (swelling) that varies in size, shape, and color; paler in the center than its surrounding edges, accompanied by itching
Examples:
hives, insect bites, uticara |
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Elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter
Example:
poison ivy, shingles, chicken pox |
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Small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus; usually less than 1cm in diameter
Examples:
acne, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, scabies |
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A vesicle or blister larger than 1cm in diameter
Examples:
second degree burns, severe poison oak, poison ivy |
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Linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis
Examples:
scratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns |
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| Small slit or cracklike sore that extends into the drmal layer; could be caused by continous inflammation and drying |
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An open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
Examples:
pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma |
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| Abnormal growths of new tissue; can be benign or malignant |
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