Term
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Definition
| hypoglycemia, weight gain, lipodystrophy (rare) |
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Term
| Lispro, aspart and glulisine are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Short-acting insulin is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermediate acting insulin is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Detemir and glargine are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Glipizide, glyburide and glimepiride are what type of drugs? What is the MOA? How do tolazamide, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide differ from them? |
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Definition
| Sulfonylureas, close K channels in beta cells, increase insulin release. They are older sulfonylureas, lower potency and greater toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoglycemia, weight gain |
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Term
| What are repaglinide and nateglinide? What is the MOA? Onset and duration? Toxicity? |
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Definition
| glitinides, insulin secretagogues, similar to sulfonylureas with some overlap in binding sites. Very fast onset, nate has short duration. Hypoglycemia |
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Term
| What type of drug is metformin? How does it work? Toxicity? Who can't use it? |
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Definition
| Biguanide, reduced hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, GI symptoms, lactic acidosis. Can't use with impaired renal/hepatic fxn, CHF, alcoholism, hypoxic or acidotic states |
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Term
| What are acarbose and miglitol? Onset? Toxicity? Who can't use it? |
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Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, rapid onset, GI symptoms. Can't use with impaired renal/hepatic fxn, GI disorders. |
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Term
| What are rosiglitazone and pioglitazine? How do they work? Duration of action? Toxicity? Who can't use it? |
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Definition
| thiazolidinediones, regulate gene exp by binding PPAR-y (and -a for pioglitazine) and thereby reduce insulin resistance. Long acting. Fluid retention, edema, anemia, weight gain, macular edema, bone fx in women. Can't use with CHF, hepatic disease |
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Term
| What is exenatide? How does it work? What are the effects? Toxicity? |
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Definition
| incretin-based drug, analog of GLP-1. reduce post-meal glucose rise, increase glucose-mediated insulin release, lower glucagon levels, slow gastric emptying, decrease appetite. Nausea, HA, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, pancreatitis |
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Term
| What is sitaglipin? How does it work? What are the effects? How does it differ from the other member of this drug class? Toxicity? |
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Definition
| Incretin-based drug, inhibits DPP-4 and degradation of GLP-1. reduce post-meal glucose rise, increase glucose-mediated insulin release, lower glucagon levels, slow gastric emptying, decrease appetite. longer DOA (24 hr) and tox- rhinitis, URI, allergic rxns rare |
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Term
| What is pramlintide? What are the effects? Onset? Toxicity? |
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Definition
| amylin analogue. Reduces post-meal glucose rise, lowers glucagon levels, slows gastric emptying, decreases appetite. Rapid onset. Nausea, anorexia, hypoglycemia, HA |
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