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| the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles |
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| the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms |
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| the introduction of salts into one soil horizon from another by percolating water |
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| a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock |
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| the relative proportion of particles or it is the relative percentage by weight of the three soil separates |
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| wear away or change the appearance or texture of something by long exposure to the air |
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| Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean |
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| Conservation tillage is a tillage system that creates a suitable soil environment for growing a crop and that conserves soil, water and energy resources mainly through the reduction in the intensity of tillage, and retention of plant residues. |
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| Organic fertilizers are fertilizers derived from animal matter, human excreta or vegetable matter |
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| commercial inorganic fertilizer |
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| fertilizer that releases nitrogen quickly into the soil |
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| agriculture incorporating the cultivation and conservation of trees |
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| a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife |
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