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| an elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, os reelections is almost taken for granted |
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| the assigning by congress of congresional seats after each census. State leegislatures reapportion state legislative districts |
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| the redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population |
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| the drawing of election district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent |
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| the principle of a two-house legislature |
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| the presiding officer in the House of Representatives, formally elected by the HOuse but actually selected by the majority party |
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| the legislative leader selected by the majority party, who helps plan party strategy, confers with other party leaders, and tries to keep members of the party in line |
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| the legislative leader selected by the minority party as spokesperson for the opposition |
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| party leader who is the liasion between the leadership and the rank-and-file in the legislature |
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| meeting of party members in a chamber of the legislature to select the party leadership in that chamber and to develop party policy. called a conference by Republicans |
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| a procedural rule in the House of Representatives that prohibits any amendments to bills or provides that only members of the committee reporting the bill may offer amendments |
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| a procedural rule in the House of Representatives that permits floor amendments within the overall time allocated to the bill |
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| a practice in the Senate whereby a senator temporarily blocks the consideration of a bill or nomination |
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| officer of the senate selected by the majorityparty to act as chair in the absence of the vice-president |
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| a practice in the Senate whereby a senator holds the floor and therby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue |
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| procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the senate |
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| presidential custom of submitting the names of prospective appointees for approcal to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work |
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| a view of the role of legislators that holds that they should represent the views of their constituents even when personally holding different views |
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| a view of the role of legislators that holds that they should vote independently based on their judgement of the facts |
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| those who follow public affairs carefully |
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| mutual aid and vote trading among legislators |
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| a permanent committee established in a legislature usually focusing on a policy area |
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| a provision that may have little relationship to the bill it is attached to in order to secure its passage |
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| a veto exercised by the president after congress has adjourned, if the president takes no action for ten days, the bill does not become law and is returned to Congress for a possible override |
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| an action taken by congress to reverse a presidential veto that requires a 2/3 majority in each chamber |
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| committee composed of members of both the House and the Senate, such committees oversee the Library of Congress and conduct investigations |
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| select or special committee |
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| a congressional committee created for a specific purpose, sometimes to conduct an investigation |
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| petition that, if signed by a majority of the members of the House will pry a bill from committe and bring it to the floor for consideration |
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| a legislative practice that assigns the chair of a committee or subcommittee to the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service on the committee |
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| a legislative practice that assigns the chair of a committee or subcommittee to the member of the majority party with the longest continuous service on the committee |
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| committee appointed by the presidening officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each but in different forms |
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