Term
| Term for external female genitalia |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for hair-covered fat pad overlying the pubic symphysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for rounded folds of adipose tissue of female genitalia |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for thinner pinkish-red folds that extend anteriorly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the tissue between the introitus and the anus |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the glands that are located posteriorly on either side of the vaginal opening but are not usually visible |
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Definition
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Term
| The body (or corpus) of the uterus is joined to the cervix via what part of the uterus? |
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Definition
| The isthmus of the uterus |
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Term
| During a gynecological exam, what surface of the cervix is mainly being visualized with the help of a speculum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the round, oval, or slit-like depression in the center of the cervix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main type of cell making up the epithelium of the ectocervix distal to the external os? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main type of cell surrounding the external os of the cervix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the area where the columnar epithelium and the squamous epithelium of the cervix meet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which area of the cervix is sampled during a Pap smear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two primary functions of the ovaries? |
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Definition
1. Production of ova
2. Secretion of hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone |
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Term
| The term for the cul de sac where the parietal peritoneum extends downward behind the uterus. |
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Definition
| Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) |
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Term
| What is used to assess sexual maturity in girls and boys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for normal increase in vaginal secretions that coincide with ovulation and accompany sexual arousal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the age of onset of menses |
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Definition
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Term
| What age do girls in the US usually begin to menstruate? |
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Definition
| Between the ages of 9-16 years old |
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Term
| Term for absence of menses. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for pain with menses, often with bearing down, aching, or cramping sensation in the lower abdomen or pelvis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for a cluster of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms occurring 5 days before menses for three consecutive cycles. |
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Definition
| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) |
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Term
| Term for failure of periods to initiate |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for cessation of periods after they have been established |
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Definition
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Term
| List some causes of secondary amenorrhea. |
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Definition
| Low body weight from any cause, including malnutrition and anorexia nervosa, stress, chronic illness, and hypothalmic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction |
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Term
| Term for fewer than 21-day intervals between menses |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for infrequent bleeding. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for excessive menstrual flow. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for intermenstrual bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age does menopause usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for painful intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
| List some causes of postmenopausal bleeding. |
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Definition
| Endometrial cancer, HRT, uterine and cervical polyps |
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Term
| What is the term for the total number of pregnancies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for outcomes of pregnancies? |
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Definition
| para (often seen with notations of F for full-term, P for premature, A for abortion, and L for living child) |
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Term
| What are some common symptoms of pregnancy? |
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Definition
-Tenderness, tingling, or increased size of breasts
-N/V
-Easy fatigability
-Feelings of baby moving (usually noticed at 20 weeks) |
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Term
| Term for involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal orifice that makes penetration during intercourse painful or impossible |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word "pap" stand for, as in pap smear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of the cervix is at the greatest risk for dysplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common STD in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions does HPV infection most commonly cause? |
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Definition
1. Cervical dysplasia (which can lead to cervical cancer)
2. genital warts |
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Term
| List some risk factors for cervical cancer. |
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Definition
-early sexual activity
-multiple sex partners
-Hx of STDs
-Failure to undergo screening by Pap smear
-age
-nutritional status
-smoking
-immune status
-genetic polymorphisms affecting the entry of HPV DNA into cervical cells |
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Term
| When is the first pap smear screening suggested? |
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Definition
-3 years after first sexual intercourse
-20 years of age
(whichever comes first) |
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Term
| At what age is it suggested that the HPV vaccine be administered? |
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Definition
| In girls between the ages of 11 and 26 years old |
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Term
| What gene mutations are associated with breast and ovarian cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of speculum is usually most comfortable for sexually active women? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of speculum is most appropriate for a virgin or an elderly woman? |
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Definition
| Narrow-bladed Pedersen speculum |
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Term
| What type of speculum is most appropriate for a parous woman with vaginal prolapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rare anatomic variation should be checked for in a pt for whom menarche seens unduly late in relation to the development of breasts and pubic hair? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain on movement of the cervix (positive chandelier sign) together with adnexal tenderness (includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting structures) is suggestive of what condition? |
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Definition
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
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Term
| You have a post-menopausal pt who has palpable ovaries. What conditions do you suspect? |
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Definition
-Ovarian cysts
-Ovarian cancer |
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Term
| What is the most common hernia in a female? |
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Definition
Indirect inguinal hernia
(femoral hernia is second most common) |
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Term
| In what type of condition would it be appropriate to milk the urethra during the physical exam? |
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Definition
-urethritis (most often from infection with gonorrhea or chlamydia)
-inflammation of the paraurethral glands |
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Term
| What Dx describes a small, firm, round cystic nodule in the labia which is often yellowish in color and often has a dark punctum which marks the blocked opening of a gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Dx is most likely: warty lesions on the labia and within the vestibule are visualized on physical exam? |
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Definition
| Veneral wart (Condyloma Acuminatum) |
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Term
| You visualize a firm ulcer on the vulvar area of a young woman; she states that it is not painful. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| On physical exam of a female pt's vulva during a gynecological exam, you notice slightly raised, round, flat-topped papules covered by a gray exudate. What is most likely the Dx? |
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Definition
| Secondary syphilis (Condyloma Latum) |
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Term
| Shallow, small, painful ulcers on red bases in the genital region are suggestive of what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| On examination, you find a raised red vulvar lesion on an elderly woman with significant inguinal lymphadenopathy with constitutional symptoms. What Dx do you suspect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term describes a bulge of the upper two thirds of the anterior vaginal wall, together with the bladder above it which is caused by weakened supporting tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term describes a bulge through the vaginal opening of the the entire anterior vaginal wall, together with the bladder and urethra? |
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Definition
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Term
| A small, red, benign tumor is visualized at the posterior part of the urethral meatus of a postmenopausal woman and causes no symptoms and inguinal lymphadenopathy is absent. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| A swollen ring is visualized around the urethral meatus during an annual exam of a 11 year old female. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
| Prolapse of the urethral mucosa |
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Term
| A 23-year old female comes into your clinic complaining of a tense hot swelling in her vulvar area. She recently had unprotected sex. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
| Bartholin's Gland infection (due to Chlamydia or another STD) |
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Term
| An elderly woman comes into your office complaining that something feels like it is "falling out." On physical exam, you notice a bulge at the vaginal opening that you believe is the rectum. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| During a gynecological exam, you notice translucent nodules on the cervical surface as you obtain a pap smear. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
| Retention or nabothian cysts |
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Term
| While obtaining a pap smear, you notice a bright red, soft nodule at the external os of the cervix. What diagnosis is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| You find purulent yellow drainage coming from the cervix while performing a pap smear. What Dx's do you consider in your differential? |
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Definition
-chlamydia
-gonorrhea
-herpes
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Term
| During a gynecological exam of a middle-aged sexually-active woman who has not been to the doctor for many years, you find an irregular, cauliflower-like growth on her cervix. What Dx do you suspect? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 16-year old girl comes to your clinic for her first pap smear. Her mother took diethylstilbestrol (DES) during her pregnancy. What physical exam finding abnormalities would you expect? |
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Definition
-columnar epithelium that covers all or most of the cervix
-vaginal adenosis, i.e., extension of this epithelium to the vaginal wall
-circular collar or ridge of tissue, of varying shapes, between the cervix and vagina |
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Term
| During a pap smear, you discover profuse yellowish green discharge in the vagina. You do a wet mount and find protozoa. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| A female patient comes to your clinic complaining of pruritus "down there" and white, curdy discharge. She has recently been on Abx. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| During a pap smear, you notice gray discharge and notice an unpleasant fishy odor. Upon wet mount, you find clue cells. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term encompasses tilting backward of the entire uterus? |
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Definition
| retroversion of the uterus |
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Term
| During a pap smear, you notice that the cervix faces forward. During the manual exam, you find that the uterine body cannot be felt by the abdominal hand. What Dx do you suspect? |
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Definition
| Retroversion of the uterus |
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Term
| What term describes the backward angulation of the body of the uterus in relation to the cervix? |
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Definition
| Retroflexion of the uterus |
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Term
| In third degree prolapse of the uterus, what do you expect to see on physical exam? |
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Definition
| The cervix and vagina are outside the introitus |
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Term
| In second degree prolapse of the uterus, what do you expect to find on physical exam? |
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Definition
| The uterus is at the introitus. |
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Term
| What term describes common uterine tumors which are often felt as firm, irregular nodules in the uterine surface? |
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Definition
| Myomas of the uterus (fibroids) |
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Term
| What term meaning "appendages" in Latin refers to the ovaries, tubes, and supporting tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Dx must have 2 out of the following 3 features: absent or irregular menses, hyperandrogenism (hirsuitism, acne, alopecia, elevated serum testosterone), and confirmation of cystic ovaries on US? |
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Definition
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
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Term
| A 25-year old sexually active female presents to the ER with severe abdominal pain and tenderness after fainting. She is hypotensive and tachycardic. Physical exam reveal guarding, rebound tenderness, and a palpable unilateral adenexal mass. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| During a manual gynecological exam, movement of the cervix is painful. Previously on physical exam, very tender bilateral adenexal masses were discovered. What Dx is most likely? |
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Definition
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
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