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Challenge Bowl Chapter 14: Female Genitalia
Bates Ch 14: Female Genitalia
89
Biology
Graduate
11/29/2010

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Term
Term for external female genitalia
Definition
vulva
Term
Term for hair-covered fat pad overlying the pubic symphysis
Definition
mons pubis
Term
Term for rounded folds of adipose tissue of female genitalia
Definition
labia majora
Term
Term for thinner pinkish-red folds that extend anteriorly
Definition
labia minora
Term
Term for vaginal opening
Definition
introitus
Term
Term for the tissue between the introitus and the anus
Definition
perineum
Term
Name the glands that are located posteriorly on either side of the vaginal opening but are not usually visible
Definition
Bartholin's glands
Term
The body (or corpus) of the uterus is joined to the cervix via what part of the uterus?
Definition
The isthmus of the uterus
Term
During a gynecological exam, what surface of the cervix is mainly being visualized with the help of a speculum?
Definition
The ectocervix
Term
What is the term for the round, oval, or slit-like depression in the center of the cervix?
Definition
external os
Term
What is the main type of cell making up the epithelium of the ectocervix distal to the external os?
Definition
squamous epithelium
Term
What is the main type of cell surrounding the external os of the cervix?
Definition
columnar epithelium
Term
What is the term for the area where the columnar epithelium and the squamous epithelium of the cervix meet?
Definition
squamocolumnar junction
Term
Which area of the cervix is sampled during a Pap smear?
Definition
The transformation zone
Term
What are the two primary functions of the ovaries?
Definition

1. Production of ova

2. Secretion of hormones including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Term
The term for the cul de sac where the parietal peritoneum extends downward behind the uterus.
Definition
Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
Term
What is used to assess sexual maturity in girls and boys?
Definition
Tanner Staging
Term
Term for normal increase in vaginal secretions that coincide with ovulation and accompany sexual arousal.
Definition
leukorrhea
Term
Term for the age of onset of menses
Definition
menarche
Term
What age do girls in the US usually begin to menstruate?
Definition
Between the ages of 9-16 years old
Term
Term for absence of menses.
Definition
amenorrhea
Term
Term for pain with menses, often with bearing down, aching, or cramping sensation in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
Definition
dysmenorrhea
Term
Term for a cluster of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms occurring 5 days before menses for three consecutive cycles.
Definition
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Term
Term for failure of periods to initiate
Definition
Primary amenorrhea
Term
Term for cessation of periods after they have been established
Definition
Secondary amenorrhea
Term
List some causes of secondary amenorrhea.
Definition
Low body weight from any cause, including malnutrition and anorexia nervosa, stress, chronic illness, and hypothalmic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction
Term
Term for fewer than 21-day intervals between menses
Definition
Polymenorrhea
Term
Term for infrequent bleeding.
Definition
Oligomenorrhea
Term
Term for excessive menstrual flow.
Definition
Menorrhagia
Term
Term for intermenstrual bleeding
Definition
Metorrhagia
Term
At what age does menopause usually occur?
Definition
48-55 years old
Term
Term for painful intercourse
Definition
Dyspareunia
Term
List some causes of postmenopausal bleeding.
Definition
Endometrial cancer, HRT, uterine and cervical polyps
Term
What is the term for the total number of pregnancies?
Definition
gravida
Term
What is the term for outcomes of pregnancies?
Definition
para (often seen with notations of F for full-term, P for premature, A for abortion, and L for living child)
Term
What are some common symptoms of pregnancy?
Definition

-Tenderness, tingling, or increased size of breasts

-N/V

-Easy fatigability

-Feelings of baby moving (usually noticed at 20 weeks)

Term
Term for involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal orifice that makes penetration during intercourse painful or impossible
Definition
Vaginismus
Term
What does the word "pap" stand for, as in pap smear?
Definition
Papanicolaou
Term
What area of the cervix is at the greatest risk for dysplasia?
Definition
The transformation zone
Term
What is the most common STD in the US?
Definition
HPV infection
Term
What conditions does HPV infection most commonly cause?
Definition

1. Cervical dysplasia (which can lead to cervical cancer)

2. genital warts

Term
List some risk factors for cervical cancer.
Definition

-early sexual activity

-multiple sex partners

-Hx of STDs

-Failure to undergo screening by Pap smear

-age

-nutritional status

-smoking

-immune status

-genetic polymorphisms affecting the entry of HPV DNA into cervical cells

Term
When is the first pap smear screening suggested?
Definition

-3 years after first sexual intercourse

-20 years of age

(whichever comes first)

Term
At what age is it suggested that the HPV vaccine be administered?
Definition
In girls between the ages of 11 and 26 years old
Term
What gene mutations are associated with breast and ovarian cancer?
Definition
BRCA1 and BRCA2
Term
What type of speculum is usually most comfortable for sexually active women?
Definition
Medium Pedersen speculum
Term
What type of speculum is most appropriate for a virgin or an elderly woman?
Definition
Narrow-bladed Pedersen speculum
Term
What type of speculum is most appropriate for a parous woman with vaginal prolapse?
Definition
A Graves speculum
Term
What rare anatomic variation should be checked for in a pt for whom menarche seens unduly late in relation to the development of breasts and pubic hair?
Definition
imperforate hymen
Term
Pain on movement of the cervix (positive chandelier sign) together with adnexal tenderness (includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting structures) is suggestive of what condition?
Definition
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Term
You have a post-menopausal pt who has palpable ovaries. What conditions do you suspect?
Definition

-Ovarian cysts

-Ovarian cancer

Term
What is the most common hernia in a female?
Definition

Indirect inguinal hernia

(femoral hernia is second most common)

Term
In what type of condition would it be appropriate to milk the urethra during the physical exam?
Definition

-urethritis (most often from infection with gonorrhea or chlamydia)

-inflammation of the paraurethral glands

Term
What Dx describes a small, firm, round cystic nodule in the labia which is often yellowish in color and often has a dark punctum which marks the blocked opening of a gland?
Definition
epidermoid cyst
Term
What Dx is most likely: warty lesions on the labia and within the vestibule are visualized on physical exam?
Definition
Veneral wart (Condyloma Acuminatum)
Term
You visualize a firm ulcer on the vulvar area of a young woman; she states that it is not painful. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Syphilitic chancre
Term
On physical exam of a female pt's vulva during a gynecological exam, you notice slightly raised, round, flat-topped papules covered by a gray exudate. What is most likely the Dx?
Definition
Secondary syphilis (Condyloma Latum)
Term
Shallow, small, painful ulcers on red bases in the genital region are suggestive of what disease?
Definition
Genital herpes
Term
On examination, you find a raised red vulvar lesion on an elderly woman with significant inguinal lymphadenopathy with constitutional symptoms. What Dx do you suspect?
Definition
Carcinoma of the vulva
Term
What term describes a bulge of the upper two thirds of the anterior vaginal wall, together with the bladder above it which is caused by weakened supporting tissues?
Definition
cystocele
Term
What term describes a bulge through the vaginal opening of the the entire anterior vaginal wall, together with the bladder and urethra?
Definition
Cystourethrocele
Term
A small, red, benign tumor is visualized at the posterior part of the urethral meatus of a postmenopausal woman and causes no symptoms and inguinal lymphadenopathy is absent. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Urethral caruncle
Term
A swollen ring is visualized around the urethral meatus during an annual exam of a 11 year old female. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Prolapse of the urethral mucosa
Term
A 23-year old female comes into your clinic complaining of a tense hot swelling in her vulvar area. She recently had unprotected sex. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Bartholin's Gland infection (due to Chlamydia or another STD)
Term
An elderly woman comes into your office complaining that something feels like it is "falling out." On physical exam, you notice a bulge at the vaginal opening that you believe is the rectum. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
rectocele
Term
During a gynecological exam, you notice translucent nodules on the cervical surface as you obtain a pap smear. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Retention or nabothian cysts
Term
While obtaining a pap smear, you notice a bright red, soft nodule at the external os of the cervix. What diagnosis is most likely?
Definition
cervical polyp
Term
You find purulent yellow drainage coming from the cervix while performing a pap smear. What Dx's do you consider in your differential?
Definition

-chlamydia

-gonorrhea

-herpes

 

Term
During a gynecological exam of a middle-aged sexually-active woman who has not been to the doctor for many years, you find an irregular, cauliflower-like growth on her cervix. What Dx do you suspect?
Definition
Carcinoma of the cervix
Term
A 16-year old girl comes to your clinic for her first pap smear. Her mother took diethylstilbestrol (DES) during her pregnancy. What physical exam finding abnormalities would you expect?
Definition

-columnar epithelium that covers all or most of the cervix

-vaginal adenosis, i.e., extension of this epithelium to the vaginal wall

-circular collar or ridge of tissue, of varying shapes, between the cervix and vagina

Term
During a pap smear, you discover profuse yellowish green discharge in the vagina. You do a wet mount and find protozoa. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Trichomonal vaginitis
Term
A female patient comes to your clinic complaining of pruritus "down there" and white, curdy discharge. She has recently been on Abx. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Candidal vaginitis
Term
During a pap smear, you notice gray discharge and notice an unpleasant fishy odor. Upon wet mount, you find clue cells. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Bacterial vaginosis
Term
What term encompasses tilting backward of the entire uterus?
Definition
retroversion of the uterus
Term
During a pap smear, you notice that the cervix faces forward. During the manual exam, you find that the uterine body cannot be felt by the abdominal hand. What Dx do you suspect?
Definition
Retroversion of the uterus
Term
What term describes the backward angulation of the body of the uterus in relation to the cervix?
Definition
Retroflexion of the uterus
Term
In third degree prolapse of the uterus, what do you expect to see on physical exam?
Definition
The cervix and vagina are outside the introitus
Term
In second degree prolapse of the uterus, what do you expect to find on physical exam?
Definition
The uterus is at the introitus.
Term
What term describes common uterine tumors which are often felt as firm, irregular nodules in the uterine surface?
Definition
Myomas of the uterus (fibroids)
Term
What term meaning "appendages" in Latin refers to the ovaries, tubes, and supporting tissues?
Definition
adnexa
Term
What Dx must have 2 out of the following 3 features: absent or irregular menses, hyperandrogenism (hirsuitism, acne, alopecia, elevated serum testosterone), and confirmation of cystic ovaries on US?
Definition
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Term
A 25-year old sexually active female presents to the ER with severe abdominal pain and tenderness after fainting. She is hypotensive and tachycardic. Physical exam reveal guarding, rebound tenderness, and a palpable unilateral adenexal mass. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Ruptured tubal pregnancy
Term
During a manual gynecological exam, movement of the cervix is painful. Previously on physical exam, very tender bilateral adenexal masses were discovered. What Dx is most likely?
Definition
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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