Term
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Definition
Essential for development of EBP
Most common type of research
Objective approach
Test relationships between variables or answer research questions
Determine difference between variables or groups, or effectiveness of treatment
Explain cause-and-effect relationships
Theory testing |
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Term
| Steps of quantitative research process |
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Definition
Identify research problem
Conduct literature review
Identify or develop theoretical framework
Formulate research questions/hypotheses
Select research design
Define population and sample
Implement study and collect data
Analyze data
Interpret data and draw conclusions
Disseminate findings
Generate further research |
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Term
| Content of research report |
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Definition
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References |
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Term
| Concepts in quantitative research |
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Definition
| Basic research Applied research Rigor Control Extraneous variables Sampling |
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Term
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Definition
Basic:
-Research for the sake of research
-Research to find out the truth
-Investigating "what if" |
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Term
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Definition
-Attempts to solve real problems in clinical practice
-Concerns what effects the intervention may have on patients
-Applies findings in the real world on real patients |
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Term
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Definition
Striving for excellence in research and adherence to detail
Precise measuring tools, a representative sample, and a tightly controlled study design
Logical reasoning is essential
Precision, accuracy, detail, and order required |
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Term
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Definition
Process of selecting subjects who are representative of the population
Random sampling
Convenience sampling |
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Term
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Definition
A blueprint or detailed plan for conducting a study
Based on the purpose, review of literature, and framework
Maximizes control
Directs the selection of the population, sampling, methods of measure, plans for data collection, and analysis
Helps to insure study results reflect reality |
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Term
| Concepts in quantitative research design |
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Definition
Causality
Multicausality
Probability
Bias
Control
Manipulation |
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Term
| Causality: cause-and-effect relationships |
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Definition
A statistically significant relationship between cause(independent variable) and effect(dependent variable)
Cause precedes the effect in time
Relationship not be explained by another variable
*Correlation studies do not meet the last requirement and may not meet the second requirement |
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Term
| Causality vs. multicausality |
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Definition
Causality:
-Pressure-->ulcer
Multicausality:
-Years of smoking, high-fat diet, limited exercise--->heart disease |
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Term
| Potential cause of bias in designs |
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Definition
Researchers
Setting
Sample
Groups
Measurement tools
Data collection process
Data and duration of study(maturation)
Statistical tests and analysis interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
Implemented throughout the design
Improved accuracy of findings
Increased control in quasi-experimental research
Greatest in experimental research |
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Term
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Definition
Implementation of a treatment or intervention
Independent variable is controlled
Careful to avoid introduction of bias into the study
Only in quasi-experimental and experimental design |
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Term
| Types of quantitative research design |
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Definition
Descriptive
Correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental |
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Term
| Components of a successful study |
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Definition
Objectivity
Type of design
Accuracy
Feasibility
Control and intervention fidelity
Validity |
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Term
| Objective and accuracy of research question/hypothesis |
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Definition
Thorough literature review
Development of a theoretical framework
All follow from research questions |
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Term
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Definition
Time
Subject availability
Facility and equipment
Expenses
Experience
Ethical issues |
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Term
| Control and intervention fidelity |
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Definition
Uniformed intervention
avoid/decrease effects of some variables on dependent variables
-Intervening or mediating variables: happens during study and influence dependent variables
-Extraneous variables: subjects, researchers, environmental characteristics |
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Term
| Control extraneous variables |
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Definition
Homogeneous sampling
Consistent interventions and data collection procedures
Manipulate independent variable
Randomization
Control group
Control settings
-Natural settings
-Partially controlled settings
-Highly controlled settings |
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Term
| Level of control (In order of increasing control) |
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Definition
| Descriptive-->Correlational-->Quasi-experimental-->Experimental |
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Term
| Internal validity and threats |
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Definition
| Did the independent variable really make the difference or change in the dependent variable? Threats: -History -Maturation -Testing -Instrumentation -Mortality -Selection bias |
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Term
| External validity and threats |
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Definition
| Can I apply(generalize) the findings to other populations beyond my specific sample? Threats: -Selection effects -Reactive effects -Measurement effects |
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Term
| Quasi-experimental design |
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Definition
| A study designed in which random assignment is not used but the independent variable is manipulated and certain mechanisms of control are used |
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Term
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Definition
| Research designs in which the researcher initiates an experimental treatment but some characteristic of a true experiment is lacking |
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