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Ch. 9 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
Concepts and Investigations -- Marielle Hoefnagels
25
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/18/2010

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

Asexual

Definition

 

 

Single-celled organism reproduces by replicating its genetic material and splitting the contents of one cell into two.

Term

 

 

 

Sexual reproduction

Definition

 

 

 

the genetic makeup comes from two parents.

Term

 

 

 

Somatic cells

Definition

 

 

 

do not participate directly in reproduction.

Term

 

 

 

Germ cells

Definition

 

 

 

cells that gives rise to gametes in an animal

Term

 

 

 

Gametes

Definition

 

 

 

a sex cell; sperm or egg

Term

 

 

 

What happens to the chromosome number of a diploid germ cell in meiosis...

Definition

 

 

a diploid germ cell reduces its chromosome number by half to generate four haploid nuclei

Term

 

 

 

Fertilization

Definition

 

 

 

merges gametes from two parents, creating a new cell

Term

 

 

 

Zygote

Definition

 

 

 

is the first cell of the new organism

Term

 

 

 

Alternation of generations

Definition

 

 

 

the life cycle of a sexually reproducing plant

Term

 

 

 

Autosomes

Definition

 

 

a non sex chromosomes (does not determine if the individual is male or female) 

Term

 

 

 

Sex chromosomes

Definition

 

 

 

carries genes that determine an individual‘s sex.

Term

 

 

 

Homologous pair

Definition

 

 

chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same trait.

Term

 

 

 

Homologous

Definition

 

 

 

 having the same basic structure.

Term

 

 

 

Crossing over

Definition

 

 

 

is a process in which two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Term

 

 

 

Alleles

Definition

 

 

 

an alternative form of a single gene

Term

 

 

 

Polyploid

Definition

 

 

 

gamete with one or more complete set of extra chromosomes.

Term

 

 

 

What does a Polyploid always refer to?

Definition

 

 

 

many sets

Term

 

 

 

Nondisjunction

Definition

 

 

failure of chromosomes to separate at anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis

Term

 

 

 

Deletion

Definition

 

 

 

a loss of one or more genes from a chromosome.

Term

 

 

 

Duplication

Definition

 

 

 

multiple copies of one or more genes.

Term

 

 

 

Inversion

Definition

 

 

 

a portion of a chromosome that flips and reinserts itself.

Term

 

 

 

Meiosis

Definition

 

 

occurs in the diploid plant, or sporophyte to produce haploid cells called spores

Term

 

 

 

Oogenesis

Definition

 

 

 

formation of egg cells

Term

 

 

 

Oogonium

Definition

 

 

 

in Oogenesis, diploid germ cells that divides mitotic ally to yield two primary oocytes

Term

 

 

 

Polar body

Definition

 

 

 

small cell produced in female meiosis

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