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Ch. 9-Human Development
Human Development
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/03/2008

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Term
Germinal Stage
Definition
The first two weeks of prenatal development.
Term
Embryonic Stage
Definition
The second stage of prenatal development. The embryo forms a heart, nervous system, stomach, esophagus, ovaries, testes.
Term
Fetal Stage
Definition
The final stage of prenatal development that is the 7 month period before birth. Various organs grow and start to function.
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Harmful external substances that can invade the womb and result in birth defects.
ie) Alcohol, tobacco,caffeine, cocaine
Term
Assimilation
Definition
The process of taking in new info about objects by using existing schemas and finding schemas that the new object will fit
Term
Accommodation
Definition
The process of modifying schemas as an infant tries out familiar schemas that do not fit them
Term
Sensorimotor Period
Definition
Piagets Theory: The period from birth until about age 2 where infants discover aspects of the world through sensory impressions, motor activities and coordination of the two. Ends with object permanence
Term
Pre-operational Period
Definition
Piagets Theory: The period from ages 2-4 when children begin to understand and create symbols to represent things that aren't present. Play pretend. In the second half, the period from 4-7, they become EGOCENTRIC and make intuitive guesses about the world
Term
Concrete Operational Period
Definition
Piagets Theory: The period from ages 7-11 where children can understand logical principles that apply to concrete external objects. Can think about 2 concepts such as longer and wider at the same time
Term
Formal Operational Period
Definition
Piagets Theory: The age from 11 and up where the person can think abstractly, speculate, and work with probabilities and possibilities
Term
Object Permanence
Definition
An infants knowledge that an object exists even if it can't be seen, touched, or sucked
Term
Conservation
Definition
The ability to recognize that the important properties of a substance such as a number, volume, weight, remain constant despite changes in shape, length or position. According to Piaget, children in Preoperational stage don't possess this
Term
Lev Vygotsky
Definition
Viewed cognitive abilities as the product of cultural history. The childs mind grows through interaction with others in their culture. Studied participation in social routines
Term
Teperament
Definition
An infants individual style and frequency of expressing emotions and needs.
Term
Easy Babies
Definition
Get hungry and sleepy at predictable times, react to new situations cheerfully, and seldom fuss
Term
Difficult babies
Definition
Irreular and irritable infants
Term
Slow-to-warm-up Babies
Definition
Infants who react warily to new situations, but eventually join in
Term
Attachment
Definition
A deep, affectionate, close relationship with a person with whom the baby has shared many experiences
Term
Harry Harlow
Definition
Conducted experiments to learn whether or not attachment to a mother is strictly because she feeds them or if it is also a comfort issue. Proved monkeys were motivated by the need for comfort. Also investigated isolation
Term
Trust vs. Mistrust
Definition
1st year; Infants learn to trust their needs will be met by the world and mother or they learn to mistrust the world
Term
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Definition
2nd Year; Infants learn to exercise will. make choices and control themselves or become uncertain
Term
Initiative vs. Guilt
Definition
3-5th Year; Child learns to initiate activities and enjoy accomplishments or they feel guilty at their attempts to be independent.
Term
Industry vs. Inferiority
Definition
6th- Puberty; Child has a sense of curiosity and is eager to learn or they feel inferior and lose interest.
Term
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Definition
Adolescence; The person sees themselves as unique or become confused as to what they want in life
Term
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Definition
Early adulthood; Commit themselves to another person or develop a sense of isolation
Term
Generativity vs.Stagnation
Definition
Middle age; able to have kids, commit themselves to the common good and work or become self centered and inactive
Term
Integrity vs. Despair
Definition
Old Age; Enter a period of reflection and acceptance while preparing to face death or are in despair at their ill-spent lives
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