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| The idea that the brain is an information-processing organ, that operates in some ways like a computer. |
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| The mental capacity to acquire knowledge, reason, and solve problems effeciently. |
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| Mental representations of categories of items or ideas based on experience. |
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| Mental representations of objects and events drawn from our direct experience. |
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| An ideal or most representative example of a conceptual exprience. |
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| Concepts defined by rules like math formulas or word definitions. |
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| Levels of concepts, from most general to most specific; like "animal" is "dog", "cat", etc. |
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| Brain waves shown on EEG in response to stimulation. |
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| A knowledge cluster or framework that provides expectations about topics, events, objects, people, and situations in one's life. |
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| A cluster of knowledge about sequences of events and actions expected to occur in particular situations. |
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| Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome if correctly applied. |
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| Strategies of the "rules of thumb' used as shorcuts to solve complex mental tasks. These do not guarantee unlike algorithms a correct solution. |
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| The tendency to respond to a new problem in a way you solved a previous problem. |
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| The inability to preceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose; a form of mental set. |
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| After learning about an event, the tendency to "second guess" or believe that one could have predicted the event in advance. |
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| A faulty heuristic(shortcut) caused by basing(anchoring) an estimate on a completely unrelated quantity. |
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| A faulty heuristic (shortcut) strategy based on the presumption that, once people or events are categorized, they share all the features of other members in that category. |
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| A mental process that produces novel responses that contribute to the solutions of problems. |
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| A faulty heuristic (shortcut) strategy that estimates probabilities based on information that can be recalled (made available) from experience. |
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| The average age at which normal (average) individuals achieve a particular score. |
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| The number of years since the individual's birth. |
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| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
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| A numerical score on an intelligence test, computed by dividing the person's mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. |
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| Normal distribution or normal curve |
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| A bell-shaped curve, describing the spread of characteristic throughout a population. |
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| Scores falling near the middle of normal distribution. |
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| The lower 2% of the IQ range (30 points below average), an individual's level of social funtioning and other abilities. |
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| The upper 2% of the IQ range; 30 points above average (at about 130 IQ points). |
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| Individuals who have a remarkable talent (such as ability to determine the day of the week for any given date) even though they are mentally slow in other domains. |
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| A general ability, proposed by Spearman as the main factor underlying all intelligent mental activity. |
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| Crystallized Intelligence |
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| The knowledge a person has acquired plus the aility to access that knowledge. |
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| The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. |
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| According to Sternberg, the ability to cope with the environment; sometimes called "street smarts" |
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| The ability measured by most IQ tests; includes the ability to analyze problems and find the correct answers. |
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| The form of intelligence that helps people see new relatioships among concepts; involves insight and creativity. |
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| The term for Sternberg's theory of intelligence; so called because it combines three (tri-) main forms of intelligence. (analytical, practical, creative) |
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| A term used to refer to Gardner's theory, which proposes that there are 7 or more forms of intelligence. |
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| Observations or behaviors that result primarily from expectations. |
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| The amount of trait variation within a group, raised under the same conditions, that can be attributed to genetic differences. heritability tells us nothing about between-group differences. |
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| A philosphy and a political movement that encouraged biologically superior people to interbreed and sought to discourage biologically inferior people from having offsprings. |
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| Theories of Intelligence Compared |
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Definition
Spearman- "G" Factor
Cattell- Crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence
Sternberg- Analytical, practical, creative intelligence
Gardner- Logical mathematical, linguistics, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spritual, existential, etc. |
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