Term
|
Definition
- Grade Teleostomi
- Ray finned fishes
- Family Polypteridae
- Order Acipenseriformes
- Family Polyodontidae
- Family Acipenseridae
- Subclass Neopterygii
- Family Lepisosteidae
- Family Amiidae |
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Term
Class Actinopterygii Synapomorphies
(2) |
|
Definition
- Single dorsal fin
- Bony rays support membranous fins |
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Term
Class Actinopterygii Characteristics
(3) |
|
Definition
- Kinetic skull
- Locomotor versatility
- Cycloid or ctenoid scales |
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Term
|
Definition
- Bony rays that support membranous fins
- Synapomorphy of Class Actinopterygii
- Rays are a collagen core surrounded by bone |
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|
Term
Basal Actinopterygian Characteristics
(4) |
|
Definition
- Single dorsal fin
- Ganoid scales
- Mostly freshwater
- Mostly native to North America |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Made of ganoine
- Type of dentine
- Could be represented as scutes in a Sturgeon or interlocking scales in a Gar |
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii
- Ropefish
- Freshwater in Africa |
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Term
Order Acipenseriformes
(3) |
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii
- Family Polyodontidae
- Family Acipenseridae |
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii
- Family Lepisosteidae
- Family Amiidae
- All teleosts |
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii, Order Acipenseriformes
- Paddlefish
- Polydon spathula (In N. America, filter feeders)
- Psephurus gladius (In Yangtze River, China, piscivore) |
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii, Order Acipenseriformes
- Sturgeon
- Holarctic (only in northern parts of the world)
- Some anadromous
- Immense sizes
- Commercially important |
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|
Term
| Why are Sturgeon Commercially Important? |
|
Definition
| - They're raised in fisheries for food |
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Term
| Subclass Neopterygii Synapomorphy |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Neopterygii
- Gars
- Primarily freshwater |
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Term
|
Definition
- In Grade Teleostomi, Class Actinopterygii, Subclass Neopterygii
- Bowfin
- Amia calva
- Sister group to all teleosts |
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|
Term
Basic Units of the Cranium in Basal Actinopterygians
(10) |
|
Definition
- Strap Muscle System
- Skull not mobile
- Neurocranium (contains brain)
- Suspensorium (cheek, fused w/ neurocranium)
- Lower jaw
- Adductor mandibulae muscle connects from suspensorium to lower jaw
- Hyoid
- Operculum
- Pectoral girdle
- Hypaxial strap muscles (Sternohyoideus) connects from lower jaw to pectoral girdle |
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|
Term
Basic Units of the Cranium in Amia and Teleosts
(16) |
|
Definition
- Opercular chain mechanism
- Mobile skull
- Neurocranium
- Suspensorium
- Hyomandibula (fused w/ suspensorium, top right)
- Quadrate (fused w/ suspensorium, bottom)
- Levator arcus palatini muscle connects neurocranium to suspensorium
- Dilator operculi and levator operculi muscles connects neurocranium to operculum
- Premaxilla
- Maxilla
- Lower jaw
- Hyoid
- Operculum
- Ligaments connect lower jaw and hyoid to operculum
- Pectoral girdle
- Strap muscle connects hyoid to pectoral girdle |
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|
Term
Levator Operculi Muscle
(2) |
|
Definition
- Basic Units of the Cranium in Amia and Teleosts
- Raises operculum |
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|
Term
Levator Arcus Palatina Muscle
(3) |
|
Definition
- Basic Units of the Cranium in Amia and Teleosts
- Raises suspensorium
- Flares out |
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|
Term
Interoperculohyoid Ligament
(2) |
|
Definition
- Basic Units of the Cranium in Amia and Teleosts
- Lowers the lower jaw |
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|
Term
| Strap Muscle System for... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Preparation of Strap Muscle System
(2) |
|
Definition
- Approach prey
- Squeeze suspensorium (cheek) |
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Term
Expansion of Strap Muscle System
(4) |
|
Definition
- Open mouth
- Expand cheek and operculum
- Depress floor of mouth (hyoid)
- Creates negative pressure of -800 cm of water |
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|
Term
Compression of Strap Muscle System
(2) |
|
Definition
- Mouth closes, reverses movements
- Water exits out the operculum |
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Term
| Recovery of Strap Muscle System |
|
Definition
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