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| The process of mentally representing and manipulating information |
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| a mental picture of an object or event and mental images help us perform cognitive functions such as remembering directions and finding creative solutions to problems |
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| concepts are mental categories for classifying events, objects, and ideas on the basis of their common features or properties |
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| A cognitive process by which we employ mental strategies to solve problems |
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| thimking that leads to original, practical, and meaningful solutions to problems or that generates new ideas or artistic expressions |
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| concepts with clearly defnied rules for membership |
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| concepts with poorly defined or fuzzy rules for membership |
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| step by step set of rules for solving a problem |
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| a rule of thumb or mental shortcut used to solve problems or make judgements or decisions |
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| a strategy based on using similarities between the properties of two things or applying solutions of past problems to the problem at hand |
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| a respite from active problem-solving efforts, which may facilitate finding a solution |
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| the tendency to rely on strategies that worked in similar situations in the past but may not be appropriate to present siutation |
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| the inability to see how familiar objects can be used in new ways |
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| leads people to discount evidence that contradicts their prior beliefs and expectations |
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leads people to make more of a given sample than they should
(watching a movie based on others opinions) |
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leads people to make snap decisions based on whatever information comes most readily to mind
(buying a brand seen in an ad) |
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leads people to base decisions on how a problem is phrased rather than the facts at hand
(probability of heads for coin toss) |
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| new way of viewing situations and new uses for familar objects |
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| the attempt to find the correct answer to a problem |
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Metaphor
process of creative thinking |
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| a figure of speech for liking one object or concept to another |
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analogy
process of creative thinking |
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| a comparison between two things based on their similar features or properties |
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conceptual combination
process of creative thinking |
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| combinations of two or more concepts into one concept, resulting in the creation of a novel idea or application |
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conceptual expansion
process of creative thinking |
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| expanding familiar concepts by applying them to new ideas |
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| basic unit of sound in a language |
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| the smallest unit of meaning in language |
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| rules of grammar that determine how words are ordered within sentences or phrases to form meaningful expressions |
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| the set of rules governing the meaning of words |
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| Milestones in language development |
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birth: crying
2 month: cooing
6-12 month: babbling
12 month: one-word phrases
18-24 month: two word phrases or sentences
24-36 months: complex speech |
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| Language Development Factors |
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innate mechanism that prewired in the human brain
exposure to the speech of others
nature & nurture |
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linguistic relativity hypothesis
whorfian hypo |
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| language determines how we think and how we perceive the world |
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the capacity to thnk and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment, pursuing ones goals
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| brought binet-simon IQ test to US with english translation |
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| Requirments ot good intelligence test |
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standardization: establishing norm for large sample
reliability: stability f test overtime
vailidity: measures what its supposed to |
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| generalized deficit or impairment in intellctual and social skills |
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| practice of placing children with special needs ina regular classroom environment |
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Garder's model of multiple intelligences
Spearmans concept of general intelligence
Thurstones theory of primary mental abilities
Sternbergs triarchic theory |
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