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| a system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar |
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| the smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than as random noise |
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| the smallest meaningful units of language |
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| the meaning of a sentence |
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| the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure |
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| the view that language development is best explained as an innate biological capacity |
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| language acquisition device (LAD) |
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| a collection of processes that facilitate language learning |
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| a syndrome characterized by an inability to learn the grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence |
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| difficulty in producing or comprehending language |
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| a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events or other stimuli |
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| category-specified defect |
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| a neurological syndrome that is characterized by an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category while leaving the ability to recognize objects outside the category undisturbed |
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| family resemblance theory |
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Definition
| members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member |
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| the "best" or "most typical" member of a category |
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| the theory of categorization that argues that we make category judgements by comparing a new instance with stored memories of other instances of the category |
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| the classical view that we make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen, judging the value of the outcome, and then multiplying the two |
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| when people think that two events are more likely to occur tougher than either individual event |
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| a framing effect in which people make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation |
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| proposes that people close to take on risk when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains |
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| a hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking ,adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences |
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