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Ch. 6 vocab
vocab from ch.6
20
Biology
9th Grade
03/11/2012

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Term
autotroph
Definition
an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
Term
heterotroph
Definition
an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials
Term
light reactions
Definition
the initial reactions in photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis
Term
chloroplast
Definition
an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Term
thylakoid
Definition
a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
Term
granum
Definition
a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
Term
stroma
Definition
in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast
Term
pigment
Definition
a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates
Term
carotenoid
Definition
a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis
Term
photosystem
Definition
in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis
Term
primary electron acceptor
Definition
a molecule or atom that can be reduced by gained an electron from something else. It is also called an electrophile or an oxidizing agent. Common strong electron acceptors are O2, Cl2, Br2, MnO42-, PbO2, Co3+, Cr2O72-, H2O2. In a table of standard redox potential, they are the species with the most positive reduction potentials.
Term
electron transport chain
Definition
a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane
Term
chemiosmosis
Definition
in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP
Term
calvin cycle
Definition
a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP
Term
carbon fixation
Definition
the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis
Term
stomata
Definition
one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata)
Term
c4 pathway
Definition
a carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate
Term
CAM pathway
Definition
crassulacean acid metabolism, a biochemical pathway in certain plants in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during the day
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