Term
|
Definition
| information that is represented in one of the sense modalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information represented in words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory systems that hold information for a very brief period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a visual sensory registration process by which people retain an afterimage of a visual stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an auditory sensory registration process by which people retain an echo or brief auditory representation of a sound to which they have been exposed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory for information that is available to consciousness for roughtly 20 to 30 seconds; also called working memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of repeating or studying information to retain it in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of repeating information over and over to maintain it momentarily in STM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an aid to long-term memory storage that involves thinking about the meaning of information in order to process it with more depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory for facts, images, thoughts, feelings, skills, and experiences that may last as long as a lifetime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of bringing information from long-term memory into short-term, or working memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phenomenon that people are more likely to remember information that appears first and last in a list than information in the middle of the list |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discrete but interdependent processing units responsible for different kinds of remembering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscious "workplace" used for retrieving and manipulating information, maintained through maintenance rehearsal; also called short-term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of organizing information into small, meaningful bits to aid memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knowledge that can be consciously retrieved and "declared" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general world knowldege or facts; also called generic memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memories of particular episodes or events from personal experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knowledge of procedures of skills that emerges when people engage in activities that require them; also called skill or habit memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the conscious recllection of facts and memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
memory that cannot be brought to mind consciously but can be expressed in behavior
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the explicit (conscious) recollection of material from long-term memory |
|
|
Term
| tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon |
|
Definition
| the experience in which people attempting but failing to recall information from memory know the information is "in there" but are not quite able to retrieve it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explicit (conscious) knowledge of whether something currently perceived has been previously encountered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phenomenon in which the processing of specific information is facilitated by prior exposure to the same or similar information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memory as it occurs in daily life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Memory for events that have already occured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory for things that need to be done in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to information that is cast into a representational form, or "code," so that it can be readily accessed from memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which information is elaborated, reflected upon, or processed in a meaningful way during encoding of memory |
|
|
Term
| encoding specificity principle |
|
Definition
| the notion that the match between the way information is encoded and the way it is retrieved is important to remembering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimuli or thoughts that can be used to stimlate retrieval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systematic strageies for remembering information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a memory aid, or mneonic devic, in which images are remembered by fitting them into an olderly arrangement of locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mnemonic device designed for helping students remember material from textbooks, which includes five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clusters of inter-connected information stored in long-term memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cluster or piece of information along a network of association |
|
|
Term
| spreading activation theory |
|
Definition
| the theory that the presentation of a stimulus triggers activation of closely related nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability to retrieve memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| especially vivid memories of exciting or highly consequential events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the notion that memories are lost as a result of a fading in the memory trace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the intrusion of similar memories on one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon in which old memories that have already been stored interfere with the retrieval of new information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interference of new information with the retrieval of old information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forgetting for a reason, which leads to inhibition of retrieval
|
|
|
