Term
|
Definition
| Feeling of epigastric discomfort that occurs shortly after eating.
dys- abnormal or bad
-pepsia digestion condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release of air from the stomach through the mouth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bad-smelling breath.
halit/o breath
-osis abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vomiting of blood.
hemat/o blood
-emesis vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, followed by a rapid closure of the glottis (which in turn causes the characteristic sound of a hiccup). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit but does not always lead to vomiting. The abbreviation N&V refers to nausea and vomiting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful burning sensation in esophagus, usually caused by reflux of stomach contents, hyperactivity, or peptic ulcer.
pyr/o fire
-osis abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Return of swallowed food to the mouth. Regurgitation may, however, describe any backward flow in the body, not just that of the GI nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forcible or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth. The material expelled is called vomitus or emesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infrequent, incomplete, or delayed bowel movements. Obstipation is extreme constipation or intestinal obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal discharge of watery, semisolid stools.
dia- through, complete
-rrhea discharge, flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gas expelled through the anus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum that may originate in the distal colon. Passage of bloody stools.
hemat/o blood
-chezia condidiotn of stools |
|
|
Term
| LGI Comp.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, gas, and/or constipation resulting from stress with no underlying disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested food. |
|
|
Term
| Con. Gen. Dis.
cleft palate |
|
Definition
| Failure of the palate to close during embryonic development, creating an opening in the roof of the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| Con. Gen. Dis.
esophag/eal a/tresia |
|
Definition
| Esophagus that ends in a blind pouch and therefore lacks an opening into the stomach.
esophag/o esophagus
-eal pertaining to
a- without
-tresia condition of an opening |
|
|
Term
| Con. Gen. Dis.
Hirschsprung disease |
|
Definition
| Congenital absence of normal nervous function in part of the colon, which results in an absence of peristaltic movement, accumulation of feces, and an enlarged colon. |
|
|
Term
| Con. Gen. Dis.
pylor/ic stenosis |
|
Definition
| Condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small intestine narrows or fails to open adequately to allow partially digested food into the duodenum.
pylor/o pylorus
-ic pertaining
stenosis narrowing |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
aphth/ous stomat/itis |
|
Definition
| Recurring condition characterized by small erosions (ulcers), which appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth.
aphth/o ulceration
-ous pertaining to
stomat/o mouth
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
cheil/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the lips.
cheil/o lip
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
cheil/osis |
|
Definition
| Abnormal condition of the lips present in riboflavin( a B vitamin) deficiency
cheil/o lip
-osis abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
dent/al caries |
|
Definition
| Plaque disease caused by an interation between food and bacteria in the mouth, leading to tooth decay.
dent/i teeth
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
dent/al plaque |
|
Definition
| Film of material that coats the teeth and may lead to dental decay if not removed.
dent/i teeth
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
gingiv/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory disease of the gums characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
gingiv/o gums
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
herpetic stomat/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
stomat/o mouth
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
leuk/o/plakia |
|
Definition
| Condition of white patches that may appear on the lips and buccal mucosa. It usually is associated with tobacco use and may be precancerous.
leuk/o white
-plakia condition of patches |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
mal/occlusion |
|
Definition
| Condition in which the teeth do not touch properly when the mouth is closed (abnormal bite).
mal- bad, poor
-occlusion condition of closure |
|
|
Term
| Oral Cav. Dis.
peri/odont/al |
|
Definition
| Pathological condition of the tissues surrounding the teeth.
peri- surrounding
odont/o tooth
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purulent discharge from the tissue surrounding the teeth; often seen with gingivitis.
py/o pus
-rrhea flow, discharge |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of Esoph.
a/chalasia |
|
Definition
| Impairment of esophageal peristalsis along with the lower esophageal sphincter's inability to relax.
a- without
-chalasia condition of relaxation |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of Esoph.
dys/phagia |
|
Definition
| Difficulty with swallowing that may be due to an obstruction or a motor disorder.
dys- difficult, bad
-phagia condition of swallowing, eating |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of Esoph.
gastr/o/esophag/eal re/flux |
|
Definition
| Flowing back, or return, of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by an inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to contract normally; characterized by pyrosis with or without regurgitation of stomach contents to the mouth. Barrett esophagus is a condition caused by chronic reflux from the stomach. It is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
gastr/o stomach
esophag/o esophagus
-eal pertaining to
re- back
-flux flow |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of the Stom.
gastr/algia |
|
Definition
| Gastric pain.
gastr/o stomach
-algia pain |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of the Stom.
gastr/itis |
|
Definition
| Acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach.
gastr/o stomach
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Dis. of the Stom.
peptic ulcer disease (PUD) |
|
Definition
| An erosion of the protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum. |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
an/al fissure |
|
Definition
| Cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus.
an/o anus
-alal pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
an/o/rect/al abscess |
|
Definition
| Circumscribed area of inflammation in the anus or rectum containing pus.
an/o anus
rect/o rectum
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
appendic/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.
appendic/o appendix
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the large intestine.
col/o colon
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
Crohn disease |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the ileum or the colon that is of idiopathic origin. |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
diverticul/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation occurring secondary to the occurrence of diverticulosis.
diverticul/o diverticulum
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
diverticul/osis |
|
Definition
| Development of diverticula, puches in the lining of the colon.
diverticul/o diverticulum
-osis abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) |
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestine characterized by bleeding and diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
intussusception |
|
Definition
| Inward telescoping of the intestines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the mucous menbranes. Gastrointestinal mucositis may be an adverse effect of chemotherapy and can occur throughout the GI tract.
mucos/o mucus
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the peritoneum that most commonly occurs when an inflamed appendix ruptures.
periton/o peritoneum
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benign growth that may occur in the intestines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the rectum and anus.
proct/o rectum and anus
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus. |
|
|
Term
| Intes. Dis.
ulcerative col/itis |
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum manifesting with bouts of profuse of watery diarrhea.
col/o colon
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Twisting of the intestine. |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
cholang/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the bile vessels.
cholangi/o bile vessel
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
cholecyst/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholecyst/o gallbladder
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
choledoch/o/lith/iasis |
|
Definition
| Presence of stones in the common bile duct.
choledoch/o common bile duct
litho/o stones
presence of |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
chol/e/lith/iasis |
|
Definition
| Presence of stones in the gallbladder.
chol/e gall, bile
lith/o stones
-iasis presence of |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
cirrh/osis |
|
Definition
| Chronic degenerative dissease of the liver, most commonly associated with alcohol use.
cirrh/o orange-yellow
-osis abnormal condition |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
hepat/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation disease of the liver that is caused by an increasing number of viruses, alcohol, and drugs.
hepat/o liver
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
hepat/itis A |
|
Definition
| Virus transmitted through direct contact with fecally contaminated food or water.
hepat/o liver
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
hepat/itis B |
|
Definition
| Virus transmitted through contaminated blood or sexual contact.
hepat/o liver
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
hepat/itis C |
|
Definition
| Virus transmitted through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing of infected needles.
hepat/o liver
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
jaundice |
|
Definition
| Yellowing of the skin and sclerae (whites of the eyes) caused by elevated levels of bilirubin. |
|
|
Term
| GI Access. Organ Dis.
pancreat/itis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the pancreas.
pancreat/o pancreas
-itis inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of a loop of intestine through the femoral canal into the groin.
femor/o femur
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm.
hiat/o an opening
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Hernias
incarcerated hernia |
|
Definition
| Loop of bowel with ends occluded so that solids cannot pass; herniated bowel can become strangulated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of a loop of intestine into the inguinal canal.
inguin/o groin
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constriction of a tubular structure, including intestines, leading to impedance of circulation. |
|
|
Term
| Hernias
umbilic/al hernia |
|
Definition
| Protrusion of the intestine and ometum through a weakness in the abdominal wall.
umbilic/o umbilicus
-al pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Benign Neoplasms
cyst/aden/oma |
|
Definition
| Glandular tumors that are filled with cysts, these are the most common benign tumors in the pancreas.
cyst/o bladder, cyst
arden/o gland
-oma tumor |
|
|
Term
| Benign Neoplasms
hem/angi/oma |
|
Definition
| The most common type of benign tumor, these are tumors of the blood vessels.
hem/o blood
angi/o vessel
-oma tumor |
|
|
Term
| Benign Neoplasms
leiomy/oma |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle tumor that may occur in the digestive tract.
leiomy/o smooth muscle
-oma tumor |
|
|
Term
| Benign Neoplasms
odont/o/genic tumor |
|
Definition
| Benign tumors that arise around the teeth and jaw.
odont/o tooth
-genic pertaining to, produced by |
|
|
Term
| Benign Neoplasms
polyps, aden/oma/t/ous or hyper/plas/tic |
|
Definition
| Adenomatous (growths that arise from glandular tissue, have potential to become malignant) or hyperplastic (generally, small growths that have no tendency to become malignant) tumors occurring throughout the digestive tract. Polyps may be sessile (flat) or pedunculated (having a stalk).
aden/o gland
-oma tumor
-ous pertaining to
hyper- excessive
plas/o formation, growth
-tic pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Malignant Neoplasms
aden/o/carcinoma |
|
Definition
| A malignant tumor of epithelial origin that either originates from glandular tissue or has a glandular appearance.
arden/o gland
-carcinoma cancerous tumor of epithelial origin |
|
|
Term
| Malignant Neoplasms
hepat/o/cellul/ar carcinoma/hepatoma |
|
Definition
| Malignant tumors of epithelial origin that originate in the liver cells.
hepat/o liver
cullul/o cell
-ar pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Malignant Neoplasms
squam/ous cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| Cancers that have a scalelike appearance.
squam/o scaly
-ous pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Imaging
barium enema (BE) |
|
Definition
| Introduction of a barium sulfate suspension through the rectum for imaging of the lower digestive tract to detect obstructions, tumors, and other abnormalities. |
|
|
Term
| Imaging
barium swallow (BaS) |
|
Definition
| Radiographic imaging done after oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension; used to detect abnormalities of the esophagus and stomach. |
|
|
Term
| Imaging
cholangi/o/graphy |
|
Definition
| Radiographic procedure that captures images of the common bile vessel through injection of a contrast medium into the bile duct, after which a series of digital images is taken.
cholangi/o bile vessels
-graphy process of recording |
|
|
Term
| Imaging
cholecyst/o/graphy |
|
Definition
| Contrast study in which iodine is ingested orally. The gallbladder then imaged at different time intervals to assess its functioning this procedure is used to diagnose cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, tumors, and other abnormalities of the gallbladder.
cholecyst/o gallbladder
-graphy process of recording |
|
|
Term
| Imaging
computed tom/o/graphy (CT) scan |
|
Definition
| Radiographic technique that produces detailed images of "slices" or cross sections of the body; used in the digestive system to diagnose tumors or abnormal accumulations of fluid.
tom/o section, cutting
-graphy process of recording |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General term for any internal visualization of the body.
endo- within
-scopy process of viewing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special kind of x-ray procedure that allows visualization of structures in real time directly on a monitor system.
fluor/o to flow
-scopy process of viewing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Test that measures the motor function (muscle pressure) of the esophagus.
man/o scanty
-metry process of measurement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of high-frequency sound waves to image deep structures of the body; used in the digestive system to detect gallstones and tumors.
son/o sound
-graphy process of recording |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal and examination of living tissue from the body for diagnostic purposes.
bi/o life, living
-opsy process of viewing |
|
|
Term
| Lab. Tests
gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) |
|
Definition
| Blood test to detect increased enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fecal exam to test for microorganisms in the feces, such as worms, amoebae, bacteria, protozoa. |
|
|
Term
| Lab. Tests
stool guiac, hem/occult test |
|
Definition
| Fecal specimen exam to detect hidden blood, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding.
hem/o blood
-occult secret |
|
|
Term
| Lab. Tests
total bilirubin |
|
Definition
| Blood test to detect possible jaundice, cirrhosis, or hepatitis. |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
anastomosis |
|
Definition
| New connection created between two (usually hollow) structures. |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
bar/iatric surgery |
|
Definition
| A variety of surgical procedures done to control morbid obesity by reducing the size of the stomach and/or by rerouting the small intestine to reduce the absorption of nutrients.
bar/o weight
-iatric pertaining to treatment |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
col/o/stomy |
|
Definition
| Surgical redirection of the bowel to a stoma, an artificial opening, on the abdominal wall.
col/o colon
-stomy new opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Method of introducing a solution into the rectum for therapeutic (relief of constipation) or hygienic (preparation for surgery) reasons. |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
feeding tubes |
|
Definition
| Enteral nutrition--introduced through a digestive structure. Parenteral nutrition--introduced through a structure outside outside of the alimentary canal, usually by IV. |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
gastr/ectomy |
|
Definition
| Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach.
gastr/o stomach
-ectomy removal |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
gastric gavage |
|
Definition
| Feeding through a tube in the stomach. |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
hemorrhoid/ectomy |
|
Definition
| Surgical excision of hemorrhoids.
hemorrhoid/o hemorrhoid
-ectomy removal |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
herni/o/rrhaphy |
|
Definition
| Hernia repair; suture of a hernia.
herni/o hernia
-rrhaphy suture |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
hyper-/aliment/ation |
|
Definition
| The therapeutic use of nutritional supplements that exceed recommended daily requirements.
hyper- excessive
aliment/o nutrition
process of |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
lapar/o/scopic |
|
Definition
| Surgery done through several small incisions in the abdominal wall with the aid of an instrument called a laparoscope.
lapar/o abdomen
-scopic pertaining to viewing |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
lapar/o/tomy |
|
Definition
| Any surgical incision in the abdominal wall for the purpose of an operative approach or for exploratory purposes.
lapar/o abdomen
-tomy incision |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
liga/tion |
|
Definition
| Tying off of a blood vessel or duct.
ligat/o tying
-tion the process of |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
lys/is of adhesions |
|
Definition
| Surgical destruction of adhesions (scar tissue that binds two anatomic surfaces).
lys/o breakdown
-is noun ending |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
nas/o/gastr/ic intubation |
|
Definition
| Placement of a tube from the nose, down the back of the throat, then into the stomach, for the purpose of enteral feeding or removing gastric contents.
nas/o nose
gastr/o stomach
-ic pertaining to |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
odont/ectomy |
|
Definition
| Removal of a tooth.
odont/o teeth
-ectomy removal |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
para/centesis |
|
Definition
| Procedure for withdrawing fluid from a body cavity.
para- near, beside
-centesis surgical puncture |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
per/cutane/ous endo/scopic gastr/o/stomy (PEG) |
|
Definition
| A new opening of the stomach through the skin that allows the surgeon to place a tube for the purpose of enteral feeding.
per- through
cutane/o skin
-ous pertaining to
endo- within
-scopic pertaining to viewing
gastr/o stomach
-stomy new opening |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
polyp/ectomy |
|
Definition
| Removal of a sessile or pedunculated polyp.
polyp/o polyp
-ectomy removal |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
pylor/o/my/o/tomy |
|
Definition
| An incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction.
pylor/o pylorus
my/o muscle
-tomy incision |
|
|
Term
| Therap. Interv.
stomat/o/plasty |
|
Definition
| Surgical repair of the mouth.
stomat/o mouth
-plasty surgical repair |
|
|
