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| Refers to programs designed to ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally disadvantaged groups have full & equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas of life. |
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| The right of every person to equal protection under the laws & equal access to society's opportunities and public facilities. |
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| Discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, & cultural biases & conditions. |
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| Discrimination on the basis of race, sex, ethnicity, & the like that results from a law. |
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| A clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction. |
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| The right of every person to equal protection under the laws & equal access to society's opportunities & public facilities. |
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| A test applied by courts to laws that treat individuals unequally. Such a law may be deemed constitutional if its purpose is held to be "reasonably" related to a legitimate government interest. |
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| A test applied by courts to laws that attempt a racial or an ethnic classification. In effect, the strict-scrutiny test eliminates race or ethnicity as legal classification when it places minority-group members at a disadvantage. |
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| Legal classifications, such as race & national origin, that have invidious discrimination as their purpose & therefore are unconstitutional. |
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