Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two states of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it transform from? |
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Definition
| Potential energy to kinetic energy. |
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Term
| What is potential energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of forms does enery exist in? |
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Definition
| Nuclear, light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and sound. |
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Term
| What is the most convenient way to measure energy? |
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Definition
| Thermodynamics--study of energy |
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Term
| Where does the enrgy flow from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| The making or breaking of chemical bonds. |
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Term
| What are the laws of thermodynamics defined as? |
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Definition
| A set of universal laws governing all energy changes in the universe. |
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Term
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created of destroyed, however it can change from one state to another (potential to kinetic). Therefore, the total amounnt of energy in the universe remains constant. |
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Term
| What is the energy lost into the environment as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| Disorder in closed systems is continuously increasing (the transformation of potential energy into heat, or random molecular motion). |
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Term
| What order is more likely? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The measure of disorder of a system.
Basically: 2nd law states: Entropy increases. |
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Term
| What do chemical reactions begin with? |
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Definition
| Reactants---molecules that you start out with---also known as substrates. |
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Term
| What are substrates converted into? |
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Definition
| Products--after a reaction has occured |
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Term
| What does the complete process consist of? |
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Definition
| Reactants---reaction---products= chemical reaction |
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Term
| What are exergonic reactions? |
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Definition
| When products contain less energy than the reactant.
PRODUCES ENERGY |
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Term
| What are endogernic reactions? |
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Definition
| They produce more energy than reactants. They require energy. |
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Term
| If exogernic reactants contain more energy then products then why don't they initiate the chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| You need to break existing bonds in the reactants, and this takes energy. |
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Term
| What is the energy of activation? |
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Definition
| Extra energy required to destabilize chemical bonds and so initiate a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and therefor increases its rate. |
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Term
| What serves as catalysts? |
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Definition
| Enzymes which are proteins.
They speed up chemcial reactions within cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which enzymes are present and when they are active to control what happens to themselves. |
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