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Ch: 5 Energy and Life
The Living World
25
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/28/2006

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Cards

Term
What is energy?
Definition
The ability to do work.
Term
What are the two states of energy?
Definition
Potential and Kinetic
Term
What does it transform from?
Definition
Potential energy to kinetic energy.
Term
What is potential energy?
Definition
Stored energy
Term
What is kinetic energy?
Definition
Energy of motion
Term
What kind of forms does enery exist in?
Definition
Nuclear, light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and sound.
Term
What is the most convenient way to measure energy?
Definition
Thermodynamics--study of energy
Term
Where does the enrgy flow from?
Definition
Sun to Earth
Term
What is a chemical reaction?
Definition
The making or breaking of chemical bonds.
Term
What are the laws of thermodynamics defined as?
Definition
A set of universal laws governing all energy changes in the universe.
Term
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Definition
Energy cannot be created of destroyed, however it can change from one state to another (potential to kinetic). Therefore, the total amounnt of energy in the universe remains constant.
Term
What is the energy lost into the environment as?
Definition
Heat energy
Term
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Definition
Disorder in closed systems is continuously increasing (the transformation of potential energy into heat, or random molecular motion).
Term
What order is more likely?
Definition
Disorder
Term
What is entropy?
Definition
The measure of disorder of a system.
Basically: 2nd law states: Entropy increases.
Term
What do chemical reactions begin with?
Definition
Reactants---molecules that you start out with---also known as substrates.
Term
What are substrates converted into?
Definition
Products--after a reaction has occured
Term
What does the complete process consist of?
Definition
Reactants---reaction---products= chemical reaction
Term
What are exergonic reactions?
Definition
When products contain less energy than the reactant.

PRODUCES ENERGY

Term
What are endogernic reactions?
Definition
They produce more energy than reactants.

They require energy.

Term
If exogernic reactants contain more energy then products then why don't they initiate the chemical reaction?
Definition
You need to break existing bonds in the reactants, and this takes energy.
Term
What is the energy of activation?
Definition
Extra energy required to destabilize chemical bonds and so initiate a chemical reaction.
Term
What do catalysts do?
Definition
Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and therefor increases its rate.
Term
What serves as catalysts?
Definition
Enzymes which are proteins.

They speed up chemcial reactions within cells.

Term
What can cells control?
Definition
Which enzymes are present and when they are active to control what happens to themselves.
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