Term
| Accuracy (of measurement) |
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Definition
| the extent to which observed values, (the data produced by measuring an event), match the true state, or true values, of the event as it exists in nature |
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Definition
| the extent to which the researcher convinces herself and others that the data are trustworthy and deserve interpretation (IOA) |
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Definition
| The process of comparing the data produced by a measurement system to a known standard or true value and, when sources of error are found, using that information to correct or improve the measurement system. |
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Definition
| all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period |
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Definition
| when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation |
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Term
| Discontinuous Measurement |
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Definition
| conducted in a matter such that some instances of the response class(es) of interest may not be detected |
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Term
| Exact Count-Per-Interval IOA |
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Definition
| the percentage of total intervals in which 2 observers record the same count |
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Definition
| when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest; considered less valid than direct b/c it inters about relations between the data obtained and the actual behavior of interest |
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Term
| interobserver agreement (IOA) |
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Definition
| the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events. |
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Term
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Definition
| an index of agreement between observers for data obtained by interval recording or time sampling measurement; compare the 2 observers recordings of the occurrence or non-occurrence of the behavior in each observation interval and dividing the number of intervals of agreement by the total number of intervals and multiplying by 100 |
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Term
| Mean Count-Per-Interval IOA |
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Definition
| the average percentage of agreement between the counts reported by 2 observers in a measurement period comprised of a series of smaller counting times, more conservative measure than total count IOA |
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Term
| Mean Duration-Per-Occurrence IOA |
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Definition
| calculated by average percentage of agreement of the durations, more conservative and meaningful assessment |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonrandom measurement error; a form of inaccurate measurement in which the data consistently either overestimated or underestimated the true value of an event. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure produced by an observation and measurement system. Observed values serve as the data that the researcher and others will interpret to form conclusions about an investigation.The quantitative label produced by measuring an event |
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Term
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Definition
| Any unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over the course of an investigation that results in measurement error; often entails a shift in the observers interpretation of the definition of the target behavior from that used in training. |
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Term
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Definition
| influence on the data reported by an observer that results from the observers awareness that others are evaluating the data he reports |
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Definition
| for discrete trial data based on comparing the observers' count (0 or 1) on a trial-by-trial, or item-by-item, basis |
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Term
| Validity (of measurement) |
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Definition
| the extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason(s) for measuring it |
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Term
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Definition
| An interobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the nonoccurence of the behavior, calculated by dividing the number of intervals in which the two observers agreed that the behavior did not occur, by the number of intervals in which either or both observers recorded the nonoccurence of the behavior, and multiplying by 100. Use for high rates of behavior, because the behavior happening all the time makes it likely that agreement for scored will happen. by looking at just the unscored ones, you eliminate the possibility of extra agreement skewing your IOA |
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Term
| true value (of measurement) |
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Definition
| A measure accepted as a quantitative description of the true state of some dimensional quantity of an event as it exists in nature. Obtaining ____ requires "special or extraordinary precautions to ensure that all possible sources of error have been avoided or removed." Requires comparing an observed value to an independent standard. |
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Term
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Definition
| A relevant index of IOA for total duration measurement; computed by dividing the shorter of the two durations reported by the observers by the longer duration and multiplying by 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| the simplest indicator of IOA for event recording data; based on comparing the total count recorded by each observer, per measurement period; calculated by dividing the smaller of the two observers counts by the larger and multiplying by 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| an intraobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the occurrence of the behavior, calculated by dividing the number of intervals in which the two observers agreed that the behavior occurred by the number of intervals that either or both observers recorded the occurrence of the behavior and dividing it by 100. Apply to low rates of behavior, because it is likely that there are many unscored intervals that agree. |
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Term
| reliability (of measurement) |
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Definition
| the extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into contact with the same state of nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| trained observer who is unaware of the study's purpose and/or the experimental conditions in effect during a given phase or observation period. |
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Term
| Purpose for assessing accuracy of measurement |
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Definition
1. Are the data good enough to base Decision-making on?
2. discover and correct errors
3. detect patterns of measurement error
4. assure consumers of the accuracy of the data |
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