Term
| Who was the first scientist to coin the term “cells”? What year was this? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A photo taken through a microscope |
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Term
| How does a light microscope work? What is the maximum magnification a light microscope can magnify? |
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Definition
| Light passes through a specimen while the microscope's lens bends the light. They can magnify about 1000x. |
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Term
| What does “resolution” in microscopes refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cell theory state? |
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Definition
| All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells. |
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Term
| How does an electron microscope work? How does its resolution compare to a light microscope? How does its magnification compare? |
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Definition
| It uses a beam of electrons and has much better resolution and magnifies about 100,000 times. |
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Term
| Distinguish between a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. |
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Definition
| The SEM studies cell surfaces and the TEM studies internal cell structures. |
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Term
| Which type of microscope is best for looking at living cells? |
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Definition
| A light microscope; EM's cannot view live specimens bc they are killed when preparing the slides. |
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Term
| What is the range in size of most plant and animal cells? The smallest cells, often as small as 0.2 nanometers are ___________. |
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Definition
| Most plant and animal cells are between 10 and 100um. Atoms are as small as 0.1um. |
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Term
| How does the ratio of surface area to volume within a cell limit its ability to grow? |
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Definition
| The surface area must be large enough to service all the activity going on within the volume of the cell. |
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Term
| What three basic features do all cells have in common? |
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Definition
| All cells have a membrane, DNA, and ribosomes. |
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Term
| Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic belong to domains bacteria and archaea and eukaryotic belong to eukarya. |
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Term
| Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic cells DNA is in a membrane bound nucleus, prokaryotic cells DNA is in a non-membrane bound nucleoid. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell? The capsule? Pili? Flagella? |
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Definition
Wall-protects and maintains shape
Capsule-surrounds cell wall and further protects surface
Pilli-attach cells to surfaces
Flagella-propel the cell through liquids |
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Term
| What is the cytoplasm of a cell? |
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Definition
| In a eukaryotic cell, between the nucleus and plasma membranes. In a prokaryotic cell, the whole interior. |
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Term
| What purpose do the internal membranes of a eukaryotic cell serve? |
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Definition
| Divide it into compartments |
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Term
| What three cell structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells? |
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Definition
| Central vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall, and plasmodesmata |
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Term
| What is the function of a plant cell wall and what is it composed of? |
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Definition
| It is to protect the cell and maintain it's shape. Cell walls are made of polysaccharide cellulose. |
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Term
In the nucleus are the following structures. Name their function.
a. chromatin
b. nuclear envelope
c. nucleolus |
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Definition
a. packs DNA
b. controls flow of materials in and out of nucleus
c. produces ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the endomembrane system? What organelles compose this system? |
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Definition
| It is the nucleus envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane working on synthesis, storage and export of molecules. |
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Term
| What is Tay Sach’s disease and what is the cause? |
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Definition
| It's a disease of not being able to digest lipids. It is inherited. |
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Term
| Why is the central vacuole so important to plants? |
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Definition
| It helps stores vital chemicals and waste products. And it can help protect plants against predators. |
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Term
| How do transport vesicles help tie together the endomembrane system? |
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Definition
| Transport vesicles leave ER for another part of the cell |
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Term
| What three types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton of a cell? What is the function of each type? |
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Definition
Microfilaments-support shape and help cell movement
Intermediate filaments-reinforce shape and anchor organelles
Microtubules-shape/support cell, guide chromosomes, and help certain organelles move |
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Term
| Distinguish between cilia and flagella. How is their composition similar? |
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Definition
| They are both found on many protists, but cilia are short with many appendages while flagella are long with one or few per cell. |
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Term
| What is a basal body and what is it composed of? |
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Definition
| An anchoring structure made of microtubules for cilia or flagella to attach to. |
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Term
| How do cilia and flagella bend? |
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Definition
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Term
For each of the following animal cell junctions, state the function and give an example:
a. Tight junction
b. Anchoring junction
c. Gap junction |
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Definition
a. prevent leakage of fluids (digestive fluid)
b. fastening cells (muscle cells from tearing)
c. allows molecules to flow (embryotic fluid) |
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Term
| What is the name for the connecting channels connecting plant cells? What do they allow between plant cells? |
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Definition
| Plasmodesmata; allow circulatory and communication between cells and plant tissues |
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