Term
| What happens when starches are masticated in the mouth? |
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Definition
| Food containing starches undergoes partial digestion when it mixes with salivary amylase. |
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Term
| What is the role of the esophagus in digestion |
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Definition
| The esophagus begins at the base of the pharynx and ends at the stomach opening. It has layers of muscle; striated proximally, striated & smooth mid-esophagus, and smooth distally. The muscle moves in a coordinated fashion to propel food into the stomach after it is swallowed (peristalsis) |
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Term
| What is the role of the stomach in digestion |
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Definition
| The stomach temporary holds food and prepares it for digestion through mechanical and chemical action. It is reduced to a semiliquid form before passing into the small intestine |
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Term
| What is the upper esophageal sphincter? |
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Definition
| It prevents food that has passed into the esophagus from re-entering the pharynx. |
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Term
| What is the cardiac sphincter? |
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Definition
| It separates the esophagus from the stomach |
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Term
| What is the pyloric sphincter? |
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Definition
| It separates the stomach from the small intestine. |
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Term
| What happens in the stomach when a person eats? |
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Definition
| The stomach produces enzymatic secretions that are acidic in nature. That production increases when food enters the stomach producing a semiliquid substance called chyme. The amount of time it takes for the stomach to empty depends on the type and amount of food digested. |
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Term
| What are the thee portions of the small intestine and what is its primary function? |
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Definition
| The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine absorbs nutrients from chyme. |
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Term
| What is the primary function of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| The large intestine absorbs waste from the small intestine, absorbs water, some electrolytes, and bile acids |
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Term
| What are the components of the large intestine |
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Definition
| The cecum,ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal, and appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the inner lining of the abdomen |
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Term
| What functions does the liver perform |
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Definition
| The liver forms and releases biles, it processes vitamins, fats, protein, carbs and metabolizes drugs. It is the largest glandular organ in the body. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the gallbladder |
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Definition
| The gallbladder holds about 60mL of bile. The liver produces about 1L/day. The gallbladder concentrates bile and contracts to excrete it into the duodenum to aid in digestion and absorption. |
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Term
| What is the function of the pancreas |
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Definition
| The pancreas is both and exocrine and endocrine gland. As an exocrine gland it produces enzymes in an inactive form that when activated in the duodenum, digest fats, proteins, and carbs. As an endocrine gland, it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon |
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Term
| What is the purpose of fluoroscopy |
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Definition
| Can be used to observe the shape and contour of empty organs. The filling and evacuation of radiopaque dye can be observed |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a barium swallow or UGI series |
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Definition
| A barium swallow is used to fluoroscopically examine the esophagus in the act of swallowing to observe any abnormalities, swallowing dysfunction, or oral aspiration. The UGI extends the examination into the stomach and small intestine (contrast medium used) |
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Term
| What are the preprocedural requisites for a barium swallow |
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Definition
NPO for 8 to 12 hrs before test
low residue diet several days before the test
No smoking
laxative |
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Term
| What are the postprocedural requisites for a barium swallow |
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Definition
Drink fluids liberally
laxative(to be sure barium is excreted)
obtain stool specimens |
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