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| diagnosis (diagnoses)(Dx) |
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identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, tests, and procedures
**Remember: DOCTORS diagnose. RTs provide the tools to help diagnose. |
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| prediction of the probable course and outcome of a particular condition or disease |
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objective or definitive evidence of an illness or disordered function that is perceived by an examiner. WHAT YOU SEE!!
Examples: fever, rash, lab or radiological findings, vital signs, swelling |
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subjective evidence as perceived by the patient. WHAT THE PATIENT TELLS YOU!!
Examples: pain, lethargy, irritability, dizziness, nausea |
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| disease or condition that is short and relatively severe course |
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| a disease or condition existing over a long period of time |
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pulse rate
respiration rate
temperature |
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count of heart beats per minute
can be palpated at carotid, radial, femoral, pedal, etc.
(normal resting: 60-100) |
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| breaths per minute (also note ease of breathing) |
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| body temp can be taken orally, rectally, under the arm pit, and tympanically (open end of ear canal) |
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| pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart (normal 120/180) |
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| higher reading (heart contraction) |
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| lower reading (heart at rest) |
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| 4 techniques of physical examination |
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Definition
inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation |
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| inspection technique of physical examination |
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| use eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient |
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| palpation technique of physical examination |
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| examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands |
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| percussion technique of physical examination |
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| examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity |
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| auscultation technique in physical examination |
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| listens for sounds within the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines, or other organs (stethoscope) |
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cannula, a hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a cavity of the body to withdraw or to instill fluids, perform tests, or visualize a vessel or cavity.
(introduction of a catheter is catheterization, to introduce a catheter is to catheterize) |
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| x-rays do not penetrate the structure and it appears white on the image |
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| x-rays can penetrate the structures and they appear as various shades of gray |
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| means the skin is not broken |
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| entry through a body cavity or interruption of a normal body function |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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| noninvasive, using magnetic properties of elements in the body to produce images |
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| images deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high-frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from tissue interfaces |
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| uses radiopaque material to help outline structures |
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| proves continuous imaging of the motion of internal organs in real time using a fluoroscope |
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| detect radiopharmaceuticals given to a patient (orally, IV, or by breathing in) and gamma cameras detect the radioactivity to produce an image |
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| positron emission tomography (PET scan) |
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| combines tomography with radioactive substances to produce enhanced images |
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| computed tomography (CT scan) |
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| using ionizing radiation produces cross-sectional slices of anatomy |
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| used as a cancer treatment, to prepare a body for bone marrow transplant, and to treat nonmalignant conditions (AKA: radiation oncology, radiotherapy) |
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| therapeut/o, and -therapy |
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