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| Discovered cells in a piece of cork using an early microscope. |
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| First person to observe living cells. |
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| Concluded that all plants are made of cells. |
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| Concluded taht all animals were made of cells. |
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| Said that all cells come from existing cells. |
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| houses and protects cell's genetic info and controls cell functions |
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| dense area within the nucleus; the site where DNA is conecntrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA |
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| Double membrane made of phospholipid bilayers |
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| Tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP; has inner and outer phospholipid membrade- the inner has many folds called cristae |
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| Small, spherical organelles that build proteins; protein synthesis |
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| system of membranous tubes and sacs. Functionas as an intracellular highway, a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another |
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| covered with ribosomes; produces phospholipids and proteins |
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| smooth apperance due to lack of ribosomes; builds lipids such as cholesterol |
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| a system of flattened, membranous sacs; transports substances (such as newly made proteins and lipids) from ER; directs proteins to certain parts of a cell |
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| vesicles that bud from the golgi that break dodwn molecules, nucleic acids, carbs, and phospholipids |
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| Neutralize free radicals; produce hydrogen peroxide when breaking down alcohol, killing bacteria, breaking down fatty acids |
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| glyoxymes break down fat for energy; an endosome is the pocket that results after a cell engulfs material by its membrance; food vacuoles store nutrients; contract vacuoles store nutrients dispose of excess water |
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| hollow tubes made of protein; hold organelles in place, maintain cell shape; guide organelles and molecules within a cell; central point- centrosome |
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| finer, long threads of protein actin that contribute to cell movement |
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| rods that anchor the nucleus and other organelles in their place int he cell; maintain internal shape of nucleus |
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| hairlike structures that extend from the surfave of a cell ; where they assist in movement; cilia are short and numerous; flagella are long and typically single |
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| animal cells only; two short cylinders of microtubules that organize the mivrotubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division |
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| plant cells only; a rigid layer that lies ouside the cell's plasma membrane; make of cellulose |
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| plant cells only; large fluid filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic waste, and other materials |
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| organelles that contain their own DNA |
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| use light energy to make carbs from co2 and h2o; system of flattened, membranous sacs that contain chlorophyl |
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| contain pigments that may or may not take part in photosyntesis; ex. carrots- orange, flower petals |
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| how many unique features distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell? |
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| cell wall, central vacuole, and additional plastids |
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| all _________ are composed of one or more cells |
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| cells are organisms' basic unit of ____________ and _____________ |
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| cells come only from _______ |
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| the diversity of cell shapes reflects different ___________ |
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| What four things are cells made up of? |
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| carbs (sugar and starch), lipids (fats and oils), proteins(made of amino acids), and nucleic acids(RNA and DNA) |
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| The 3 basic types of cells are ..... |
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| plants, animal, and bacteria |
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| Difference between eukaryote and prokaryote cells |
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| eu. have nucleus and membrane covered organelles; pro. don't |
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| Difference between cytoplasm and cytosol |
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| cytoplasm includes all the organelles except the nucleus; the cytosol includes the gunk plus ribosomes |
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| Two types of euk cells are... |
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