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CH4 & CH5
organization of the cell
49
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/08/2009

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Cards

Term
observed dead plant cells from an oak tree
Definition
Robert Hooke
Term
observed cells through a microscope in 1600's
Definition
Anton Van Leewenhoek
Term
1838 found that plants are composed of cells
Definition
matthias schleiden
Term
1839 found that animals were composed of cells
Definition
Charles Schwann
Term
  • all organisms are composed of cells
  • the cell is the basic unit of organisms
  • all cells come from pre-existing cells
Definition
Cell Theory
Term
plasma must be large enough to cell volume to regulate passage of materials
Definition
Cell Surface Are-to-Volume ratio
Term
  • referred to as "compound microscope
  • 500 x's more resolution than the human eye
Definition
Light Microscope
Term
two features that determine how clearly an object is viewed
Definition
  • magnification
  • resolution
Term
  • allows study of the ultrastructure of cells
  • developed in 1950's
  • 10,000 x's more resolution than the human eye
Definition
Electron Microscope
Term
two types of electron microscope
Definition

transmission electron microscope

(TEM)

scanning electron microscope

(SEM)

 

Term
  • bacteria and archaea
  • DNA not enclosed in nuclues
  • before the nucleus
  • smaller
Definition
Prokaryotic
Term
  • all other known organisms
  • highly organized membrane-enclosed organelles
  • true nucleus
  • larger/ more complex
Definition
Eukaryotic
Term
  • contains DNA
  • bounded by nuclear envelope and double membrane perforated with nuclear pores
Definition
The Cell Nucleus
Term

DNA forms


which is oranized into chromosomes

Definition
chromatin
Term
RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
Definition
Nucleolus
Term
Network of folded internal membranes
Definition

Endoplasmic Reticulum

(ER)

Term
  • site of lipid synthesis
  • does not contain ribosomes
Definition
Smooth ER
Term
  • Ribosomes manufacture proteins
  • contains ribosomes
  • involved in membrane production
Definition
Rough ER
Term
functions are: synthesis, storing and shipping of materials
Definition
Golgi Complex
Term
series of flattened membranous sacs
Definition
Cisternae
Term
  • break down worn-out cell structures, bacteria and other substances
  • small sacs of digestive enzymes
Definition
Lysosomes
Term
sacs that function in digestion, pumping excess material, sotragem cell stabilizer, and are found in many protists and plants
Definition
Vacuoles
Term
  • "Power House"
  • sites of aerobic respiration
  • converts energy to forms the cell can use
Definition
mitochondria
Term
double membrane structure that carries out photosynthesis
Definition
Chloroplasts
Term
inner membrane of chloroplasts encloses the stoma and takes the form of stacks of coins called
Definition
Thylakoid membrane
Term
  • provides structural support
  • involved with transport of materials in the cell
Definition
cytoskeleton
Term
internal framework of cytoskeleton is made up of
Definition
microtubules and microfilaments
Term
thin, moveable structures that project from cell surface
Definition
cilia and flagella
Term
anchored in a cell by basal body
Definition
microtubules
Term
made up of material called cellulose, only found in plant cells
Definition
cell wall
Term
the liquid part of the cell
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
complex dynamic structures made of lipid and protein moecules
Definition
cell membrane
Term
functions of cell membranes
Definition
  • define cell as a compartment
  • regulate passage of materials
  • help organisms maintain homoestasis
Term
membrane is
Definition
selectively permeable or semipermiable
Term
phospholipid molecules are amphipathic and contain
Definition

hydrophobic regions

hydrophillic regions

Term
oderly arrangement of phospholipid molecules make the cell membrane a
Definition
crystal liquid
Term
  • flexible
  • self-sealing
  • can fuse with other membranes
Definition
lipid bilayers
Term
embedded in the bilayer
Definition
integral membrane proteins
Term
integral proteins that extend completely through the membrane
Definition
Transmembrane proteins
Term
associated w/ the surface of the bilayer
Definition
peripheral membrane proteins
Term
name the functions of membrane protein
Definition
  • transport materials
  • act as enzymes or receptors
  • cell recognition
  • structurally linking cells

 

Term
net movement of a substance from a region of greater to lower concentration
Definition
diffusion
Term

difference in the concentration of molecules across a membrane is called a


Definition
concentration gradient
Term
keeps molecules in constant motion causing the molecules to move randomly away from each other in a liquid oragas
Definition
kinetic energy
Term
  • depends on temp. and size of molecules
  • smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger
Definition
Rate of Diffusion
Term
when a concentration gradient no longer exists diffusion continues until the concentration of the molecules is the same on both sides of the membrane
Definition
Equilibrium
Term
water passes through the selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concetration to lower
Definition
osmosis
Term
name 3 solutions
Definition
  • Hypertonic
  • Hypotonic
  • Isotonic
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