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Ch. 4 Cellular Metabolism
Key Terms
22
Medical
Not Applicable
11/22/2011

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Term
enzymes
Definition
(catalyst)
that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism, as well in DNA replication and protein synthesis.
Term
anabolism
Definition
-is the build up of larger molecules from smaller ones.
-stores energy
-growth and repair
Term
catabolism
Definition
-is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.
-releases energy
Term
dehydration synthesis
Definition
removing a molecule of water to join two smaller molecules
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
-a molecule of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into smaller molecules.
-add water when breaking down carbs, lipids and proteins.
Term
oxidation
Definition
burning or breaking down glucose
Term
substrate
Definition
each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical
Term
active site
Definition
the part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate
Term
glycolysis
Definition
breakdown of glucose to produce two pyruvic acid molecules without using oxygen
Term
citric acid cycle
Definition
chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy
Term
electron transport chain
Definition
metabolic reactions that capture the energy in the bonds of nutrient molecules as ATP.
Term
anaerobic
Definition
-oxygen NOT is needed
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
-breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water
-oxygen is needed
-in mitochondria
Term
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Definition
-stores information (genetic code)
-located in nucleus
-double stranded
A-T, C-G
Term
nucleotide
Definition
-unit building block of DNA & RNA
- 5 carbon sugar
- nitrogen base
- phosphate
Term
transcription
Definition
copying the information in DNA into RNA, which can exit the nucleus
Term
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Definition
-Carries a gene's message out of the nucleus
-build protein
Term
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Definition
-single stranded
-sugar: ribose
A-U, C-G
Term
codons
Definition
amino acids in order, in set of three
Term
translation
Definition
assembly of amino acid chain according to mRNA
Term
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Definition
-aligns amino acids, which are linked by enzyme to form protein
-transfer (carry and stick them together)
Term
anticodon
Definition
the three nucleotides in the tRNA
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