Term
| Term for the functional group where phosphate is bound to four oxygens (1 double bond). A critical structure in DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group C=O on the end. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the functional group C=O. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most important biologically active molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| Valence of hydrogen as well as the number of bonds it can form. |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of bonds carbon forms (the same as its valence). |
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Definition
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Term
| Mirror image isomers formed from four different molecules attached to a single carbon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group O-H. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group N-H2. |
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Definition
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Term
| Form of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the functional group HO-C=O. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the functional group S-H. |
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Definition
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Term
| Biological molecules that are stabillized by the functional group S-H. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group HO-C=OH. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group C=O not on the end. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the functional group O-H. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the functional group N-H2. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of isomer that shares the same covalent partnership, but differs in spacial arrangement due to carbon's multiple bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds with the same molecular formula but with different physical structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that have the functional group S-H. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the basic Hydrocarbons? |
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Definition
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does the name of hydrocarbons differ with double bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you number them based on their double bond location? |
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Definition
I.e. If the double bond is between the 1st and 2nd Carbon, it is 1 Butene.
If the double bond is between the 2nd and 3rd Carbon, it is 2 Butene.
However, if the double bond is between the 3rd and 4th Carbon, it would simply be 1 Butene because you can rotate the isomer and it would be the same as 1 Butene. |
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Term
| How do Carbon skeletons vary in structure? |
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Definition
-Length
-Shape
-Number/location of double bonds
-Other elements covalently bonded to available sites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds with the same molecular formula but with different physical structures. |
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Term
| What are the three different kinds of isomers? |
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Definition
Structural
Geometric
Enantiomers |
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Term
| How are the different kinds of isomers different? |
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Definition
Structural: different arrangement
Geometric: differ due to double bond
Enantiomers: mirror images |
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Term
| What is a structural isomer? |
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Definition
| Isomers that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangement of atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| An example of a structural isomer. |
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Term
| What is a geometric isomer? |
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Definition
Compounds with the same covalent partnerships that differ in their spatial arrangement around a C=C.
Happens because double bonds prevent C from rotating around the bond axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| An example of a geometric isomer. |
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Term
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Definition
When two atoms are locked on the same side of a double bond.
(cis: from Latin meaning "on this side") |
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Term
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Definition
When two atoms are locked on the opposite sides of a double bond.
(trans: from Latin meaning "across" - as in transatlantic) |
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Term
| What is an optical isomer (enantiomer)? |
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Definition
| Isomers that are mirror images of each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| An example of an enantiomer. |
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Term
| How is enantiomers defined? |
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Definition
Because 4 different atoms attached to the same Carbon, there is no possible way to rotate these molecules so tthat they are identical. -Same Plane-
(Enantio: from Greek meaning "opposite")
(Mer: from Greek meaning "part") |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What is the L-form of enantiomers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the R-form of enantiomers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an exception to normal enantiomer forms? |
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Definition
| Prozac's D-form is probably the only effective form while the L-form causes sexual side affects. |
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Term
| Do the enantiomer name designations differ in medicine versus science? |
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Definition
Yes.
Biology: L-form (left) and D-form (right)
Medicine: L-form (sinister) and R-form (rectus) |
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Term
| What are the six major functional groups? |
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Definition
Hyroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate Groups |
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Term
| A hydroxyl group consists of: |
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Definition
H bonded to an O
-OH
HYDRogen + OXYgen - HYDROXYl |
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Term
| What are organic compounds with hydroxyl groups called? |
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Definition
Alcohols
(names typically end in -ol) |
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Term
| Ethanol (alcoholic beverages) and Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) are examples of: |
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Definition
| Organic compounds with hydroxyl groups |
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Term
| A carbonyl group consists of: |
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Definition
C double bonded to an O
C=O |
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Term
| What are carbonyl groups on the end of the skeleton called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are carbonyl groups in the middle of the skeleton called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Propanal and Acetone are examples of: |
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Definition
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Term
| A carboxyl group consists of: |
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Definition
C double bonded to an O and single bonded to another OH
-COOH |
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Term
| What are compounds with carboxyl groups called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetic acid (the acid of vinegar) is an example of: |
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Definition
| Compounds with carboxyl groups |
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Term
| An amino group consists of: |
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Definition
C attached to a N that is attached to 2 H atoms
-NH2 |
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Term
| What are compounds with amino groups called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycine (an amino acid) is an example of: |
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Definition
| Compounds with amino groups |
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Term
| A sulfhydryl group consists of: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are organic molecules with sulfhydryl groups called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethanethiol is an example of: |
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Definition
| Organic molecules with sulfhydryl groups |
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Term
| A phosphate group consists of: |
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Definition
| P bound to 4 O (three with single bonds and one with double bond) -OPO32- |
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Term
| What is the name of the compounds made from phosphate groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycerol phosphate is an example of: |
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Definition
| Compounds with phosphate groups |
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