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| legal constitutional protections against government. Although our ________ are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police, and legislatures, define their meaning. |
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| legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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| when government prevents material from being published. It is usually unconstitutional in the United States |
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| protect reporters from prosecution for “protecting their sources” and withholding evidence |
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| nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband |
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| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) |
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| states that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” |
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| is the issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skill. |
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| policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment of members of some previously disadvantaged group. |
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| Equal protection of the laws |
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| Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that he laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people. |
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| The legal right to vote, extended to African Americans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people over the age of 18 by the Twenty-sixth Amendment. |
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| Small taxes, levied on the right to vote, that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting registers. They were declared void by the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964. |
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| One of the means used to discourage African-American voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests. The Supreme Court declared these unconstitutional in 1944. |
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