Term
| the sources of the C skeletons of amino acids |
|
Definition
intermediates of...
-glycolysis
-citric acid cycle
-pentose phosphate pathway |
|
|
Term
| depiction of the biosynthetic families of amino acids in bacteria and plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acids that must be obtained from the diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acids that can be biosynthesized |
|
|
Term
| the 3 α-ketoacids that can be converted into amino acids simply by transamination (the addition of an amino group) |
|
Definition
-α-ketoglutarate
-oxaloacetate
-pyruvate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of an amino group |
|
|
Term
| equation for aspartate biosynthesis |
|
Definition
| oxaloacetate + glutamate <--> aspartate + α-ketoglutarate |
|
|
Term
| equation for alanine biosynthesis |
|
Definition
| pyruvate + glutamate <--> alanine + α-ketoglutarate |
|
|
Term
| transamination rxns are carried out by... |
|
Definition
| pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferases |
|
|
Term
| pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferases |
|
Definition
| enzymes that carry out transamination rxns |
|
|
Term
| type of rxn that participates in the synthesis of most amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all aminotransferases contain this prosthetic group |
|
Definition
| pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) |
|
|
Term
| pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) |
|
Definition
| thisd is the prosthetic group of all aminotransferases |
|
|
Term
| pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is derived from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) does in transamination rxns |
|
Definition
| accepts an amino group to form a cofactor prominent in many enzymes, pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) |
|
|
Term
| depiction of the biosynthesis of serine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the major donor of methyl groups in biosynthetic methylation rxns |
|
Definition
| S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) |
|
|
Term
| S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) |
|
Definition
| this is the major donor of methyl groups in biosynthetic methylation rxns |
|
|
Term
| S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) is synthesized from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the synthesis of S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the conversion of S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) into homocysteine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| methionine synthase aka homocysteine methyltransferase |
|
Definition
| catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mediates the transfer of a methyl group from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate; it's a cofactor for methionine synthase aka homocysteine methyltransferase |
|
|
Term
| methylcobalamin is derived from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the activated methyl cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the methyl group of methionine is activated |
|
Definition
| by the formation of S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) |
|
|
Term
| the rate of amino acid synthesis depends mainly on... |
|
Definition
-amount of biosynthetic enzymes
-activities of those enzymes |
|
|
Term
| the first irreversible step in a biosynthetic rxn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the step of a biosynthetic pathway that's often allosterically regulated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| essential role of feedback inhibition (type of allosteric regulation) |
|
Definition
| conservation of building blocks and metabolic energy |
|
|
Term
| the regulation of branched pathways is more complicated because... |
|
Definition
| 2 end products must be accounted for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the PLP enzyme that catalyzes the formation of α-ketobutyrate |
|
|
Term
| depiction of the function of threonine deaminase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the regulation of threonine deaminase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the committed step being catalyzed by 2 or more enzymes with different regulatory properties |
|
|
Term
| depiction of enzyme multiplicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cumulative feedback inhibition |
|
Definition
a common step being partly inhibited by each of the final products, acting independently
each inhibitor can reduce the activity of the enzyme, even when other inhibitors are exerting their own maximal inhibition |
|
|
