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Chapter 3
The Biosphere
26
Biology
9th Grade
09/25/2014

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Term
abiotic factor
Definition
any nonliving part of the environment, such as sunlight, heat, precipitation, humidity, wind, or wind currents, soil type, etc.
Term
autotrophs
Definition
use chemical or solar power energy to produce food by assembling inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules Ex: algae, certain bacteria & plants
Term
biogeochemical cycles
Definition
process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
Term
biomas
Definition
total amount of living tissue within a given tropic level
Term
biosphere
Definition
consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exist.
Term
biotic factors
Definition
any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact, including animals, plants & bacteria
Term
chemosynthesis
Definition
chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
Term
consumers
Definition
organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients
Term
denitrification
Definition
process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
Term
ecological pyramids
Definition
illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web
Term
ecology
Definition
the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment
Term
food chain
Definition
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Term
food webs
Definition
complex network of feeding interactions among various organisms in an ecosystem
Term
heterotrops
Definition
must acquire energy from other organisms

Ex: animals, fungi & many bacteria
Term
limiting nutrient
Definition
single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use
Term
nutrients
Definition
chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life
Term
phytoplankton
Definition
floating algae (in some aquatic food chains, primary producers are a mixture of floating algae)
Term
primary producers
Definition
the first producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms
Term
trophic level
Definition
each step in a food chain or food web
Term
zooplankton
Definition
small free-floating animals that form part of plankton
Term
species
Definition
a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Term
population
Definition
a group of individuals that belong to the same species and and live in the same area
Term
community
Definition
an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
Term
ecosystem
Definition
all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment
Term
biome
Definition
a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
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