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| any nonliving part of the environment, such as sunlight, heat, precipitation, humidity, wind, or wind currents, soil type, etc. |
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| use chemical or solar power energy to produce food by assembling inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules Ex: algae, certain bacteria & plants |
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| process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
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| total amount of living tissue within a given tropic level |
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| consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exist. |
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| any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact, including animals, plants & bacteria |
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| chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates |
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| organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
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| process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
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| illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web |
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| the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their physical environment |
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| a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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| complex network of feeding interactions among various organisms in an ecosystem |
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must acquire energy from other organisms
Ex: animals, fungi & many bacteria |
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| single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem |
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| process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use |
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| chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life |
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| floating algae (in some aquatic food chains, primary producers are a mixture of floating algae) |
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| the first producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms |
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| each step in a food chain or food web |
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| small free-floating animals that form part of plankton |
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| a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
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| a group of individuals that belong to the same species and and live in the same area |
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| an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |
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| all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment |
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| a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms |
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