Term
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Definition
| movement of a substance across cell membranes into the bloodstream by electrochemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| a small branch of the renal artery through which blood flows to the glomerulus of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone that regulates re-absorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the hypothalamus to regulate water re-absorption in the collecting duct |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nephron where the final concentration of urine takes place through the re-absorption of water |
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Term
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Definition
| a selective urine concentration process in the ascending and descending loops of Henle |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance formed by the breakdown of creatine during muscle metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nephron between the ascending loop of Henle and the collecting duct where the final concentration of urinary filtrate begins |
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Term
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Definition
| the small renal artery branch through which blood flows away from the glomerulus |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) |
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Definition
| the volume of plasma that is filtered by the glomerulus in a specified time |
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Term
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Definition
| tuft of capillary blood vessels located in Bowman's capsule where filtration occurs |
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Term
| Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| specialized cells located on the afferent arteriole that regulate secretion of renin |
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Term
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Definition
| the U-shaped part of the renal tubule that consists of a thin descending limb and a thick ascending limb |
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Term
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Definition
| a functional unit of the kidney that forms urine |
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Term
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Definition
| the osmotic pressure of a solution expressed in milliosmoles per kilogram; it is affected only by the number of particles present |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecules across a membrane by diffusion because of a physical gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| the capillaries that surround the renal tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cells of the inner lining of Bowman's capsule that contain foot-like processes |
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Term
| Proximal convoluted tubule |
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Definition
| the nearest tubule to the glomerulus where re-absorption of essential substances begins |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma concentration of a substance at which active transport stops and increased amounts are excreted in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
| proteolytic enzyme produced by the kidney that reacts with angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin to increase blood pressure |
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Term
| Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) |
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Definition
| regulates flow of blood to and within the kidneys by responding to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content |
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Term
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Definition
| substances moved from the tubular filtrate into the blood by active or passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| the passage of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries to the tubular filtrate |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of capillaries that surrounds the loop of Henle |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration barrier |
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Definition
| structure of the walls of the glomerular capillaries that prevents the filtration of large molecules form the blood into the urine filtrate |
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