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| Power is limited, not absolute; idea put into practice w/The Magna Carta |
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| Representative Government |
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| People/someone put in place to represent us; help make decisions for us; idea put into practice w/the English Bill of Rights |
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| 3 Key Practices of Nation's Gov't System: |
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| Written constitution; Representative gov't(legislature of elected representatives); Seperated powers |
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| Doc. enforced limited gov't/king's power; aka Great Charter |
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| Doc. that was 1st plan of self gov't; Pilgrims helped come up with plan |
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| Doc. that severly limited king's power even more |
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| 1st basic system of laws in the English colonies; added more laws to Mayflower Compact |
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| 1639 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| 1st formal Constitution; laid out plan for gov't |
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| Makes things more fair; Set clear limits on what a ruler could & could not do |
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| Lockes ideas have been called the "textbook of the American Revolution" |
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| Congress assumes the powers of a central gov't ... |
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| votes to organize amry&navy; issue money; made George Washington commander of a newly organizing Continental Army |
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| The Second Continental Congress serves as the acting gov't during the Revolution ... |
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| purchases supplies; negotiated treaties; rallied support for the colonists' cause |
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| R.H. Lee introduces a resolution to declare the colonies independent of Great Britain ... |
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| Thomas Jefferson writes draft of Declaration of Independence; June 28 committee submitted edited draft to Congress; July 2, 1776 Congress approved Lee's resolution |
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| Declaration of Independence was drafted in ?..... |
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| 4 Features of the Articles of Confederation ... |
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| A unicameral legislature; Each state had one vote no matter size/pop.; Committee of States managed gov't; No federal court system |
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| Articles of Confederation WEAKNESSES .... |
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| Congress could not levy/collect taxes; could not regulate trade; could not force anyone to obey laws; Needed 9 out of 13 states' approval; amend(change) required consent of ALL states; No executive branch; Did not have national court system |
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| Articles of Confederation ACHIEVEMENTS .... |
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| Establishment of fair policy for development of lands west of the Appalachians; Peace treaty with Britain; Set up department of Foreign Affairs, War, Marine & Treasury; Set up Northwest ordinance & ordinance of 1785 |
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| George Washington & the Constitutional Convention ?.. |
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| His presence ensured that many people would trust the convention's work |
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| Benjamin Franklin & the C.C. ?.. |
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| Scientist & diplomat; played an active role in the debates |
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| Gouverneur Morriss & the C.C. ?.. |
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| Eloquent speaker & writer; wrote the final draft of the Constitution |
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| James Maddison & the C.C. ?.. |
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| Advocate of a strong national gov't; his careful notes are C.C.s' major source of info; Also author of basic plan |
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| William Paterson & the C.C. ?.. |
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| Led delegates of small states; made a counter proposal; from New Jersey |
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| Roger Sherman & the C.C ?.. |
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| Played a key role on the committee for the Connecticut Compromise |
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| The Federalists & the C.C. ?.. |
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| FOR Constitution; led by many of the Founders; w/o strong nat'l gov't, anarchy(politcal disorder) would triumph |
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| The Anti-Federalists & the C.C. ?.. |
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| AGAINST Constitution; argued that the Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights |
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| Alexander Hamilton & the C.C. ?.. |
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| Argued case for six weeks; Federalists won by only three votes in New York |
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| Published more than 80 essays defending the new constitution |
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| Division of power among the legislative, executive, & judicial branches of a gov't |
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| The money a gov't collects from taxes or other sources |
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| An agreement prohibiting trade |
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| A single-chamber Congress |
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| Or trade among the states |
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| King George III taxed tea, glass, paper, & stamps; imposed first direct tax on the colonists |
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| Parliament passed; also called Coercive Acts; closed Boston Harbor & withdrew Massachusetts colony to govern itself |
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| Benjamin Franklin's plan for uniting the colonies; gave too much power to assembly made up from 13 colonies' reps. |
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| Established the principle that territories were to be developed for statehood on an equal basis w/the older states. |
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| Father of the Constitution |
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| James Maddison; is the author of basic plan of gov't that the Convention eventually adopted |
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| A strong opponent of the Constitution |
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