Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the body's primary information processing system; includes the brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| network of nerves carrying signals into and out of the central nervous system |
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| bundle or bundles of neuron fibers surrounded by connective tissue |
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| environmental change that triggers a response |
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Definition
| nerve cell that carries information from the environment to the central nervous system |
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Definition
| specialized cell that transmits signals to sensory neurons |
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Definition
| nerve cell located entirely in the central nervous system that integrates sensory information and sends motor commands. |
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Definition
| nerve cell that carries signals from the central nervous system to muscle or gland cells |
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Definition
| rapid, automatic response to a stimulus |
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Definition
| neuron fiber that receives signals and carries them toward the cell body. |
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Definition
| neuron fiber that carries electric impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells. |
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Definition
| thick coat of material that surrounds and insulates the axon of some neurons. |
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Definition
| uninsulated spaces between the "beads" of a myelin sheath where an action potential can be transmitted. |
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Definition
| voltage across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron. |
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Definition
| voltage change that occurs when the difference in charge across a membrane decreases. |
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Definition
| minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to generate an action potential. |
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Definition
| change in voltage across the plasma membrane of a neuron resulting in a nerve signal. |
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Definition
| junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell where electrical or chemical signals are relayed. |
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Definition
| tiny space separating a knob of a transmitting neuron from a receiving neuron or other cell. |
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Definition
| chemical messenger that carries information from one neuron to another or to another cell. |
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Definition
| subdivision of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. |
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Definition
| subdivision of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal environment. |
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| division of the autonomic nervous system that generally prepares the body for energy-consuming activities. |
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Definition
| division of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy |
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Definition
| largest and most complex part of the brain, made up of the left and right hemispheres. |
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Definition
| band of nerve fibers that support communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. |
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Definition
| the outer region of the cerebrum containing integration centers for higher brain functions. |
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Definition
| part of the brain located below the cerebrum and above the spinal cord; planning center that coordinates body movement. |
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Definition
| lower section of the brain including the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain that filters information going to and from the brain. |
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Definition
| brain region that sorts and exerts some control over information going to and from the cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
| region of the brain that is the "master control center" of the endocrine system; functions in maintaining homeostasis by regulating temperature, blood pressure, and other conditions. |
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Definition
| system of regions of the brain that interact with the cerebral cortex in emotion and memory |
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Definition
| awareness of sensory stimuli |
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Definition
| meaningful interpretation of sensory data by the central nervous system |
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Definition
| transparent area at the front of the eye through which light enters |
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Definition
| colored part of the eye; controls the amount of light that enters the eye by regulating the size of the pupil |
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Definition
| opening in the iris that admits light into the eye |
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Definition
| inner surface of the eye that is lined with millions of photoreceptor cells |
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Definition
| photoreceptor cell in the retina that is stimulated in bright light, enabling color vision |
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Definition
| photoreceptor in the retina that enables vision in dim light |
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Definition
| part of the outer ear that channels sounds from the outside to the eardrum |
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Definition
| sheet of tissue separating the outer ear from the middle ear that vibrates when stimulated by sound waves |
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Definition
| sheet of tissue separating the outer ear from the middle ear that vibrates when stimulated by sound air passage between the middle ear and throat that equalizes air pressure on either side of the eardrum; also called the Eustachian tubeair passage between the middle ear and throat that equalizes air pressure on either side of the eardrum; also called the Eustachian tube |
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Definition
| coiled tube in the inner ear containing hairlike projections that function in hearing |
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| the capacity of the body to endure or become less responsive to a substance (as a drug) or a physiological insult especially with repeated use or exposure,the immunological state marked by unresponsiveness to a specific antigen |
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Definition
| an uncontrollable dependance on the drug. |
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Definition
| the syndrome of often painful physical and psychological symptoms that follows discontinuance of an addicting drug. |
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| drugs that generally increase the central nervous system activity. |
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Definition
| drugs that generally decrease the central nervous system activity. |
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Definition
| the dried leaves and flowering tops of the pistillate hemp plant that yield THC and are smoked in cigarettes for their intoxicating effect. |
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Definition
| a drug (as morphine or codeine) containing or derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and alleviate pain. |
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| a substance that induces hallucinations |
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Definition
| a drug that acts like a stimulant and a hallucinogens. |
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Definition
| something (as an allergen or medication) that is inhaled. |
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