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Ch. 23
Understanding Systematics
31
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/18/2009

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Term
scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationship
Definition
systematics
Term
science of naming and classifying organisms
Definition
taxonomy
Term
arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities
Definition
classification
Term
  • developed by Carolus Linneaus
  • two-part name consisting of the Genus Species
Definition
Binomial System of Nomenclature
Term
when two-part name is typed it's
Definition
italicized
Term
when two-part name is hand written it's
Definition
underlined
Term
name the 7 taxonomic categories
Definition
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum (division)
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
Term
group of organisms that can be interbred
Definition
Species
Term
name the 6 Kingdoms
Definition
  1. Protista
  2. Animalia
  3. Plantae
  4. Fungi
  5. Eubacteria
  6. Archaebacteria
Term

bacteria, prokaryotic, decomposers; reproduce by fission

ex. E. coli

Definition
Archaebacteria
Term
cell walls contain peptidoglycan (modified protein); true bacteria
Definition
archaebacteria
Term
unicellular or simple multicellular organisms; contain protozoa; slime molds and algae
Definition
Protista
Term

heterotrophs; do not photosynthesize; recieve nutrients by extracellular digestion and absorption 

ex. mushroomm

Definition
Fungi
Term

producers; cell walls made of cellulose; multicellular

ex. Acer rubrum

(red Maple)

Definition
Plantae
Term
hetertophs; tissues are arranged into organs and organ system; able to move
Definition
Animalia
Term
whats the difference between plants and fungi?
Definition
  • cell wall
  • body structure
  • fungi do not photosynthesis
Term
what are the 3 approaches to systematics
Definition
  1. Phenetics
  2. Classical evolutionary systematics
  3. phylogenetic systematics
Term
systematics based on the number of shared characteristics
Definition
phenetics
Term
look at evolutionary branching
Definition
classical evolutionary systematics
Term
based on shared derived characters, must be from one common ancestor
Definition
phylogenetic systematics
Term
plant varieties such as collored greens and broccoli developed from what?
Definition
wild cabbage
Term
evolution occurs by ______ _________
Definition
natural selection
Term
inherited variations favorable to survival perservere
Definition
adaptation
Term
unfavorable variations are
Definition
eliminated
Term

proposed by both Darwin and Wallace

based on four observations

Definition
Theory of Evolution by natural selection
Term
what 4 observations is the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection based on
Definition
  1. genetic variation exsists among individuals
  2. reproductive ability of species causes it's population to increase
  3. organisms compete for resources
  4. offsrping w/ most favorable characteristics are more likely to survive
Term
derive from same structure in common ancestor
Definition
homologous features
Term
remnants of structures indicating adaptation
Definition
vestigial structures
Term
study of past and present geographic distribution of organisms
Definition
Biogeography
Term
what has played a major role in evolution?
Definition
the continental drift
Term
diagrams showing lines of descent based on molecular data
Definition
phylogenetic trees
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