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| a material that does not have a long range order of atoms (only short range order) |
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| a negatively charged ion produced when an atom, usually of a nonmetal, accepts one or more electrons. |
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| all atoms and their arrangments that constitute the building blocks of matter |
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| the energy required to separate two atoms from their equilibrium spacing to an infinite distance apart, the strength of the bond between two atoms |
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| a positively charged ion produced when an atom usually a metal gives up its valence electrons |
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| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) |
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| the amount by which a material changes its dimesnions when the temperature changes, a material with a low CTE tends to retain its dimesnions when the temperature is changed |
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| the bond formed between two atoms when the atoms share their valence electrons, a relatively strong primary bond |
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| materials in which atoms are arranged in a periodic fashion exhibiting a long-range order |
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| the ability of materials to be stretched or bent without breaking |
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| the relative tendancy of an atom to accept an electron and become an anion, strongly electronegative atoms readily accept electrons |
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| the equilibrium spacing between the centers of two atoms |
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| the bond formed between two different atom species when one atom (the cation) donates its valence electrons to the second atom (the anion), an electrostatic attraction binds the two ions together (relatively strong primary bond) |
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| structures of a material at the macroscopic level (~>1000-10,000 nm), features include things such as porosity, coatings, internal and external microcracks, etc |
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| the electrostatic attraction between the valence electrons and the positively charged ionic cores |
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| structure of a material at a length scale of ~10 - 1000 nm, includes features such as grain size, grain orientation, defects, etc |
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| the slope of the stress strain curve in the elastic region (E), also known as Young's modulus |
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| molecules that have developed a dipole moment by virtue of an internal or external electric field |
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| strong bonds between adjacent atoms resulting form the transfer or sharing of outer orbital electrons |
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| the number of electrons in an atom that participate in bonding or chemical reactions, usually the number of electrons in the outer s and p energy levels |
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| secondary bond developed between atoms and molecules as a result of interactions between dipoles that are induced or permanent |
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