Term
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Definition
Vast expanse of Pacific Ocean
Narrow and shallow Atlantic Ocean
Marginal seas will have unique physical properties (shallow, changing salinities, nutrients, light) |
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Term
Major Surface Currents
(2) |
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Definition
Cold water from poles (blue arrows)
Warm water away from equator/tropics (red arrows) |
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Term
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Definition
Frequently warmer at surface (solar heating/layer mixed by wind)
Thermocline (cline= rapid change) |
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Term
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Definition
Transition zone to cooler water
More dense than surface layer
Forms barrier to mixing |
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Term
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Definition
Changes in temperate regions
Changes mixing pattern
Little mixing in summer (surface layer and thermocline)
Lots of mixing in winter |
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Term
Roles for Surface Oxygen
(3) |
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Definition
Wind mixing
Photosynthesis
Decomposition in O2 Min. Zone |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in light, temp., oxygen
Decrease in density, pressure, nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease in light, temp., oxygen
Increase in density, pressure, nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Waters Unique Properties
(4) |
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Definition
Solvent power
Density of solid (ice floats)
Surface tension (can support critters)
Heat capacity |
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Term
| Temp. in Aquatic Habitats |
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Definition
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Term
Thermal Strategies Based on Source of Thermal Energy
(2) |
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Definition
Endotherm: animal regulates body temp.
Ectotherm: environment sets body temp. |
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Term
Thermal Strategies Based on Stability of Body Temp
(2) |
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Definition
Homeotherm: stable body temp.
Poikilotherm: variable body temp. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ectothermic poikilotherms |
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Term
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Definition
Contains salt (Na+, Cl-, and others)
"Typical" salinity (35ppt/3.5%)
If lower, look for freshwater mixing (Rivers/precipitation)
If higher, evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
Movement of water
Across a cell membrane
Down concentration gradient (for water!) |
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Term
Response to salinity (osmotic) change?
(3) |
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Definition
Organisms need to balance both water and salt
Euryhaline (broad/salt)
Stenohaline (narrow/salt) |
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Term
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Definition
Can withstand large range of salinities
Typical of coastal organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Can survive only small changes in salinity
Typical of open ocean and deep sea organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Osmoregulators
Osmoconformers |
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Term
Osmoregulators
(2)
Problems?
(2) |
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Definition
Controls the osmotic and ionic concentration of their body fluids
Most fishes
Lose water via osmosis
Gain salts/ ions via diffusion |
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Term
Osmoconformers
(2)
Problems? |
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Definition
Little/no control over internal osmotic concentration
Many marine inverts
Environmental changes may be lethal |
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