Term
| 5 characteristics of water: |
|
Definition
1) attracts other water molecules
2)Interacts with, dissolves substances
3) regulates temperature
4)Expands as it freezes
5) can have different PH values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of some molecules to stick together |
|
|
Term
Surface tension
Benefits: |
|
Definition
barrier on surface of liquid
Keeps small objects out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solvent surrounds then breaks up substance by separating its atoms ot molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance that can dissolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is water an excellent solvent? |
|
Definition
| Dissolves things easily; doesn't let them reform |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of using water to dissolve |
|
Definition
| Surrounds things and doesn't let them reform |
|
|
Term
| Differences between hydrophobic and hydrophillic |
|
Definition
hydrophobic: "Water-fearing"; nonpolar
hydrophillic: "Water-loving"; polar |
|
|
Term
| How do hydrogen bonds affect water as its temperature rises? |
|
Definition
| hold water back, more heat is needed to raise temp |
|
|
Term
| how do hydrogen bonds affect water and it evaporates? |
|
Definition
| absorbs enough heat hydrogen bonds break and water evaporates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evaporated water carries excess heat away as a cooling effect |
|
|
Term
| How do hydrogen bonds affect solid water? |
|
Definition
| bonds rigid and lock into a pattern that spreads out the molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less dense, floats to top (helps survival) |
|
|
Term
| Difference between neutral, acidic, basic solutions |
|
Definition
Neutral: Amount of H+ and OH- are equal
Acidic: Amount of H+ is greater than OH-
Basic: Amount of H+ is less than OH- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance that releases H+ into water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance that combines with and removes H+ from water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how acidic or basic a solution is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
7 and under: Acidic
Over 7: Basic |
|
|
Term
The more acidic the _____ H+
The more basic the _____ H+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains carbon and hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| Define inorganic molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe dehydration synthesis |
|
Definition
| removing OH from one monomer and H from another to form polymer covalent bond forms between the molecules |
|
|
Term
| 4 most abundant organic molecules |
|
Definition
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
| Describe Carbohydrates and useful functions |
|
Definition
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen at a ratio of 1:2:1
functions: Simple sugars and complex carbs
Simple sugars: sweet, dissolve in water; provide cells with ready energy source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbohydrate monomer unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100+ saccharide units as long chainsn or branches |
|
|
Term
| Describe lipids and useful functions |
|
Definition
Mostly carbon and hydrogen, do not dissolve in water, diverse structures instead of simple chains
Types: triglycerides
waxes
phospolipids
steriods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydrogen chain, a monomer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 fatty acids bound to 1 glycerol base molecule |
|
|
Term
| differences between fats and oils |
|
Definition
Fats:made from animals, straight, saturated
Oils: made from vegetables, curvy, unsaturated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| straight chains filled with hydrogens; all single bounds, solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bent chains with fewer hydrogen; one or more double bonds; liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to fats, form structures that repel water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar to oils, but hydrophobic group replaces a fatty acid chain; forms cell membrane
(has hydrophobic part and hydrophillic part) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have 4 carbon rings; functional nutrients and hormones |
|
|
Term
| Describe proteins and useful functions |
|
Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, most abundant, controls activities in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monomer subunit used to make protein; central carbon bonded to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covalent bond between amino acids; forms a peptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe secondary structure |
|
Definition
| hydrogen bonds between aamaino acids fold chain into coiled helix or pleated sheet |
|
|
Term
| desribe tertiary structure |
|
Definition
| contorted shape due to interactions of amino acids, R groups, surrounding water molecules |
|
|
Term
| describe quaternary structure |
|
Definition
| multiple structures form bigger protein denatured protein loses function |
|
|
Term
| what happens to a denatured protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe nucleic acid and useful functions |
|
Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, genetic material, transports energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monomer subunit pf nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleotides joined by covalent bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Deoxyribose nucleotides in a double helix, blueprint to create proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Ribonucleic Acid)
Ribose nucleotides in a single helix; helps create proteins |
|
|
