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Ch. 18: Nutrients/Digestion
Chapter 18, Digestive System (and Nutrients)
24
Biology
7th Grade
03/12/2006

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Term
Ingestion
Definition
take in food
Term
digestion
Definition
break down food so it can move into the bloodstream
Term
absorption
Definition
food molecules are absorbed into bloodstream
Term
elimination
Definition
molecules that aren't absorbed leave the body
Term
Mechanical digestion
Definition
physically digesting (chewing)
Term
Chemical digestion
Definition
chemically changing food
Term
enzymes
Definition
help w/ chem. digestion (saliva and pepsin), pancreas makes enzymes
Term
Mouth
Definition
molars, incisors, saliva
Term
esophagus
Definition
paristalsis
Term
stomach
Definition
muscular bag, food is churned by muscles, pepsin breaks down protein, spends 4 hrs here, mixture=chyme
Term
small intestine
Definition
digestion and absorption
Term
large intestine
Definition
chyme enters, water is absorbed (1-2 days)
Term
Name the three organs that don't actually digest but are important
Definition
liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Term
10 Foods that pack a wallop
Definition
tomatoes, spinach, red wine, nuts, broccoli, oats, salmon, garlic, green tea, blueberries
Term
Name the nutrients
Definition
carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals
Term
Carbs
Definition
main source of energy (starch, sugar, cellulose)
Term
Proteins
Definition
for growth, repair, replacement of cells (made of amino acids)
Term
Fats
Definition
secondary source of energy, cushions organs, helps body digest vitamins (saturated fats and unsaturated)
Term
Vitamins
Definition
water-soluble and fat-soluble
Term
Minerals
Definition
calcium, iron, potassium
Term
Iron
Definition
>18 mg
Term
Sodium
Definition
<2400 mg
Term
Calcium
Definition
>1300 mg
Term
Vit. C
Definition
>50 mg
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